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The Impact of Age Stereotypes on Source Monitoring in Younger and Older Adults

机译：年龄刻板印象对年轻人和老年人的源监控的影响

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摘要

In 2 experiments, we examined reliance on age stereotypes when reconstructing the sources of statements. Two sources presented statements (half typical for a young adult, half for an old adult). Afterward, the sources' ages-23 and 70 years-were revealed and participants completed a source-monitoring task requiring attribution of statements to the sources. Multinomial model-based analyses revealed no age-typicality effect on source memory; however, age-typicality biased source-guessing: When not remembering the source, participants predominantly guessed the source for whose age the statement was typical. Thereby, people retrospectively described the sources as having made more statements that fit with stereotypes about their age group than they had truly made. In Experiment 1, older (60-84 years) participants' guessing bias was stronger than younger (17-26 years) participants', but they also had poorer source memory. Furthermore, older adults with better source memory were less biased than those with poorer source memory. Similarly, younger adults' age-stereotype reliance was larger when source memory was impaired in Experiment 2. Thus, age stereotypes bias source attributions, and individuals with poor source memory are particularly prone to this bias, which may contribute to the maintenance of age stereotypes over time.
机译：在2个实验中，我们在重建陈述来源时检查了对年龄刻板印象的依赖。有两个消息来源提供了陈述（一半是年轻人的典型情况，一半是成年人的）。之后，透露了消息来源的23岁和70岁年龄，参与者完成了消息来源监视任务，要求将声明归属消息来源。基于多项式模型的分析显示，对源记忆没有年龄型影响。但是，年龄型偏向于猜测来源：当不记得该来源时，参与者主要猜测该陈述针对其年龄的典型来源。因此，人们回顾性地描述了资料来源，比他们真实地做出了更多与陈规定型观念相符的陈述。在实验1中，年龄较大（60-84岁）的参与者的猜测偏见强于年龄较小（17-26岁）的参与者，但他们的源记忆也较差。此外，具有更好源记忆的老年人比那些具有较差源记忆的成年人更少偏见。同样，当实验2中的源记忆受损时，年轻人的年龄定型依赖性更大。因此，年龄定型偏见了源的归因，而源记忆差的个体特别容易出现这种偏见，这可能有助于维持年龄定型。随着时间的推移。

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