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Age-Related Differences in Associative Memory: The Role of Sensory Decline

机译：联想记忆的年龄相关差异：感官下降的作用

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Numerous studies show age-related decline in episodic memory. One of the explanations for this decline points to older adults' deficit in associative memory, reflecting the difficulties they have in binding features of episodes into cohesive entities and retrieving these bindings. Here, we evaluate the degree to which this deficit may be mediated by sensory loss associated with increased age. In 2 experiments, young adults studied word pairs that were degraded at encoding either visually (Experiment 1) or auditorily (Experiment 2). We then tested their memory for both the component words and the associations with recognition tests. For both experiments, young adults under nondegraded conditions showed an advantage in associative over item memory, relative to a group of older adults. In contrast, under perceptually degraded conditions younger adults performed similarly to the older adults who were tested under nondegraded conditions. More specifically, under perceptual degradation, young adults' associative memory declined and their component memory improved somewhat, resulting in an associative deficit, similar to that shown by older adults. This evidence is consistent with a sensory acuity decline in old age being one mediator in the associative deficit of older adults. These results broaden our understanding of age-related memory changes and how sensory and cognitive processes interact to shape these changes. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed with respect to mechanisms underlying age-related changes in episodic memory and resource tradeoffs in the encoding of component and associative memory.
机译：大量研究表明，与年龄有关的情节记忆下降。造成这种下降的一种解释是，老年人联想记忆力不足，反映出老年人在将发作的特征绑定到内聚性实体和检索这些绑定方面存在困难。在这里，我们评估了与年龄增加相关的感觉丧失可能介导的这种不足的程度。在2个实验中，年轻人研究了在视觉（实验1）或听觉（实验2）编码时退化的单词对。然后，我们通过识别测试来测试它们的记忆，以用于组成词和关联。对于这两个实验，相对于一组老年人，处于未降解条件下的年轻人在关联记忆上均优于项目记忆。相反，在感知退化的条件下，年轻人的表现与在未退化的条件下进行测试的成年人相似。更具体地说，在感知能力下降的情况下，年轻人的联想记忆力下降，其成分记忆力有所改善，导致了联想缺陷，与老年人所表现出的相似。该证据与老年人的感官敏锐度下降有关，该感觉敏锐度是老年人联想缺陷的一种介导者。这些结果拓宽了我们对与年龄有关的记忆变化以及感觉和认知过程如何相互作用以形成这些变化的理解。讨论了这些结果的理论含义，涉及与情节性记忆有关的年龄相关变化以及成分和关联记忆编码中资源折衷的潜在机制。

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