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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary Science Reviews: The International Multidisciplinary Review Journal >Holocene British and Irish ancient forest fossil beetle fauna: implications for forest history, biodiversity and faunal colonisation
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Holocene British and Irish ancient forest fossil beetle fauna: implications for forest history, biodiversity and faunal colonisation

机译：全新世的英国和爱尔兰古代森林化石甲虫动物群：对森林历史，生物多样性和动物群定殖的影响

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This paper presents a new review of our knowledge of the ancient forest beetle fauna from Holocene archaeological and palaeoecological sites in Great Britain and Ireland. It examines the colonisation, dispersal and decline of beetle species, highlighting the scale and nature of human activities in the shaping of the landscape of the British Isles. In particular, the paper discusses effects upon the insect fauna, and examines in detail the fossil record from the Humberhead Levels, eastern England. It discusses the local extirpation of up to 40 species in Britain and 15 species in Ireland. An evaluation of the timing of extirpations is made, suggesting that many species in Britain disappear from the fossil record between ca 3000 and 1000 cal BC (ca 5000-3000 cal BP), although some taxa may well have survived until considerably later. In Ireland, there are two distinct trends, with a group of species which seem to be absent after ca 2000 cal BC (ca 4000 cal BP) and a further group which survives until at least as late as the medieval period. The final clearance of the Irish landscape over the last few hundred years was so dramatic, however, that some species which are not especially unusual in a British context were decimated. Reasons behind the extirpation of taxa are examined in detail, and include a combination of forest clearance and human activities, isolation of populations, lack of temporal continuity of habitats, edaphic and competition factors affecting distribution of host trees (particularly pine), lack of forest fires and a decline in open forest systems. The role of climate change in extirpations is also evaluated.
机译：本文对英国和爱尔兰的全新世考古和古生态遗址中的古代森林甲虫动物群知识进行了新的回顾。它研究了甲虫的定居，传播和衰退，突出了不列颠群岛景观塑造过程中人类活动的规模和性质。特别是，本文讨论了对昆虫动物区系的影响，并详细研究了英格兰东部亨伯黑德山脉的化石记录。它讨论了英国多达40种和爱尔兰15种的本地灭绝。进行了一次灭绝时间的评估，表明英国的许多物种从大约公元前3000年到1000 cal（约BP 5000-3000 cal BP）的化石记录中消失了，尽管有些分类群可能存活到很晚。在爱尔兰，有两种不同的趋势，大约在公元前2000 cal（约4000 cal BP）之后似乎不存在一组物种，而另一组至少可以生存到中世纪时期。在过去的几百年中，对爱尔兰景观的最后清除是如此戏剧性，以至于某些物种在英国环境中并不是特别罕见。详细研究了灭绝分类单元的原因，其中包括森林砍伐和人类活动，种群隔离，生境的时间连续性不足，影响寄主树（尤其是松树）分布的前缘和竞争因素，缺乏森林火灾和开放森林系统的衰退。还评估了气候变化在灭绝中的作用。

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