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首页> 外文期刊>Urologic nursing: official journal of the American Urological Association Allied >Conventional and Alternative Medical Advice for Cold and Flu Prevention: What Should Be Recommended and What Should Be Avoided?
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Conventional and Alternative Medical Advice for Cold and Flu Prevention: What Should Be Recommended and What Should Be Avoided?

机译：预防感冒和流感的常规和替代医学建议：应推荐什么，应避免什么？

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H1N1, seasonal flu, and upper respiratory infection over-the-counter (OTC) prevention recommendations seem daunting, but in reality, only several diverse lifestyle changes, supplements, and prescriptions have adequate evidence that should be discussed with patients. In addition, numerous other recommendations contain little to no evidence. For example, most heart-healthy behavioral changes, such as reducing visceral adipose tissue, simultaneously improve immune health, and this needs to be emphasized. Ethyl alcohol hand gel and plain soap and water should be encouraged, and antimicrobial soaps should be discouraged. Gargling with water and using nasal saline spray are also cost effective and supported with clinical evidence. Vitamins C and D have the largest benefit-to-risk ratio for patients and may reduce the risk of pneumonia from a recent meta-anatysis. Other supplements, such has echinacea, vitamin E, and zinc, have some clinical data, but also have potential long-term safety issues. High-calorie antioxidant beverages only encourage weight and waist gain, but a teaspoon or two of honey has antimicrobial activity and may suppress cough. Finally, vaccine compliance as early as possible should be promoted as a selfless act that reduces viral transmission that could cause morbidity and mortality in the most immune vulnerable individuals, and simply promotes herd immunity, rather than a self-centered act whose individual result and response (n = 1) currently and unfortunately seems to mirror the perceived personal effectiveness or lack of effectiveness of the vaccine.
机译：H1N1，季节性流感和非处方上呼吸道感染（OTC）预防建议似乎令人生畏，但实际上，只有几种不同的生活方式改变，补充剂和处方有充分的证据值得与患者讨论。此外，许多其他建议几乎没有证据。例如，大多数对心脏有益的行为改变，例如减少内脏脂肪组织，可同时改善免疫健康，这一点需要强调。应鼓励使用乙醇手胶，普通肥皂和水，并且不建议使用抗菌肥皂。漱口水和使用鼻腔喷盐水也具有成本效益，并有临床证据支持。维生素C和D对患者的最大受益风险比，可能会降低因最近的荟萃分析所致肺炎的风险。其他补充剂，例如紫锥菊，维生素E和锌，具有一些临床数据，但也存在潜在的长期安全性问题。高热量的抗氧化剂饮料只能促进体重和腰部增长，但是一茶匙或两茶匙的蜂蜜具有抗菌作用，可以抑制咳嗽。最后，应该尽早促进疫苗的依从性，这是一种无私的行为，可以减少病毒传播，从而减少免疫力最弱的个体的发病率和死亡率，并单纯地促进畜群免疫，而不是以个人为中心的行为，其结果和反应（n = 1）目前和不幸的是，这似乎反映了人们认为疫苗的个人有效性或缺乏有效性。

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