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首页> 外文期刊>Pure and Applied Geophysics >Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Eyjafjallaj?kull Volcanic Plume Using a Cloud-Resolving Model
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Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Eyjafjallaj?kull Volcanic Plume Using a Cloud-Resolving Model

机译：利用云解析模型评估艾雅菲亚德拉冰盖火山羽的理化性质

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摘要

The Eyjafjallaj?kull volcanic eruption, which occurred on April 14, 2010, caused many environmental, air traffic and health problems. An attempt has been made to demonstrate for the first time that certain improvements could be made in the quantitative prediction of the volcanic ash parameters, and in the accounting of the processes in the immediate vicinity of the volcano, using a cloud-resolving model. This type of explicit modeling by treatment of volcanic ash and sulfate chemistry parameterization, with input of a number parameters describing the volcanic source, is the way forward for understanding the complex processes in plumes and in the future plume dispersion modeling. Results imply that the most significant microphysical processes are those related to accretion of cloud water, cloud ice and rainwater by snow, and accretion of rain and snow by hail. The dominant chemical conversion rates that give a great contribution to the sulfate budget are nucleation and dynamic scavenging and oxidation processes. A three-dimensional numerical experiment has shown a very realistic simulation of volcanic ash and other chemical compounds evolution, with a sloping structure strongly influenced by the meteorological conditions. In-cloud oxidation by H_2O_2 is the dominant pathway for SO_2 oxidation and allows sulfate to be produced within the SO_2 source region. The averaged cloud water pH of about 5.8 and rainwater pH of 4.5 over simulation time show quantitatively how the oxidation may strongly influence the sulfate budget and acidity of volcanic cloud. Compared to observations, model results are close in many aspects. Information on the near field volcanic plume behavior is essential for early preparedness and evacuation. This approach demonstrates a potential improvement in quantitative predictions regarding the volcanic plume distribution at different altitudes. It could be a useful tool for modeling volcanic plumes for better emergency measures planning.
机译：于2010年4月14日发生的埃亚菲亚德拉冰川火山喷发，造成了许多环境，空中交通和健康问题。尝试首次证明，可以使用云解析模型对火山灰参数的定量预测以及对火山紧邻区域的过程进行计算方面进行某些改进。通过处理火山灰和硫酸盐化学参数化的这种显式建模，并输入描述火山源的多个参数，是理解羽状流复杂过程以及将来羽状流弥散建模的前进之路。结果表明，最重要的微物理过程是与积雪，云冰，雨水和积雪的增加以及雨雪与积雪的增加有关的过程。对硫酸盐预算有重大贡献的主要化学转化率是成核，动态清除和氧化过程。三维数值实验表明，火山灰和其他化合物的演化非常逼真，其倾斜结构受到气象条件的强烈影响。 H_2O_2在云中的氧化是SO_2氧化的主要途径，并允许在SO_2源区内产生硫酸盐。在模拟时间内，平均云水pH值约为5.8，雨水pH值为4.5，从数量上显示了氧化作用如何强烈影响火山云的硫酸盐收支和酸度。与观察相比，模型结果在许多方面都很接近。有关近场火山羽流行为的信息对于早期准备和撤离至关重要。这种方法证明了有关不同海拔高度的火山羽分布的定量预测的潜在改进。它可能是对火山羽建模的有用工具，以便更好地制定应急措施。

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