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On the Use of Fractal Surfaces to Understand Seismic Wave Propagation in Layered Basalt Sequences

机译：关于使用分形表面理解层状玄武岩层序中地震波的传播

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摘要

The aim of this study is to better understand how a layered basalt sequence affects the propagation of a seismic wave, which has implications for sub-basalt seismic imaging. This is achieved by the construction of detailed, realistic models of basalt sequences, using data derived directly from outcrop analogues. Field data on the surface roughness of basaltic lava flows were captured using terrestrial laser scanning and satellite remote sensing. The fractal properties of the surface roughness were derived, and it can be shown that the lava flow surface is fractal over length scales up to approximately 2 km. The fractal properties were then used to construct synthetic lava flow surfaces using a von Karman power spectrum, and the resulting surfaces were then stacked to create a synthetic lava flow sequence. P-wave velocity data were then added, and the resulting model was used to generate synthetic seismic data. The resulting stacked section shows that the ability to resolve the internal structure of the lava flows is quickly lost due to scattering and attenuation by the basalt pile. A further result from generating wide-angle data is that the appearance of a lower-velocity layer below the basalt sequence may be caused by destructive interference within the basalt itself.
机译：这项研究的目的是更好地了解层状玄武岩层序如何影响地震波的传播，这对次玄武岩地震成像具有重要意义。这是通过使用直接从露头类似物获得的数据构建详细，逼真的玄武岩序列模型来实现的。利用地面激光扫描和卫星遥感技术获取了玄武岩熔岩流表面粗糙度的现场数据。得出了表面粗糙度的分形特性，可以证明熔岩流动表面在长达约2 km的长度范围内是分形的。分形特性随后被用于使用冯·卡曼（von Karman）功率谱构建合成熔岩流表面，然后将所得表面堆叠起来以创建合成熔岩流序列。然后添加P波速度数据，并将所得模型用于生成合成地震数据。所得的堆叠截面表明，由于玄武岩桩的散射和衰减，迅速丧失了解决熔岩流内部结构的能力。生成广角数据的另一个结果是，玄武岩层序以下较低速度层的出现可能是由于玄武岩自身内部的破坏性干扰引起的。

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