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首页> 外文期刊>Canadian Journal of Zoology >Myrmecophagy by Yellowstone grizzly bears
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Myrmecophagy by Yellowstone grizzly bears

机译：黄石灰熊的食肉动物

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I used data collected during a study of radio-marked grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Yellowstone region from 1977 to 1992 to investigate myrmecophagy by this population. Although generally not an important source of energy for the bears (averaging <5% of fecal volume at peak consumption), ants may have been an important source of protein during midsummer and were heavily consumed during some years. Myrmecophagy was most common annually when known high-quality foods were scarce, as well as during the warmest months of the study, when regional average temperatures exceeded 12-15 degreesC. Bears tended to select large ants (>8 mm long) nested in logs over small ants (less than or equal to 6 mm long) nested under stones. Optimal conditions for consumption of ants occurred on the warmest sites with ample substrate suitable for ant nests. For ants in mounds, this occurred at low elevations at non-forested sites. For ants in logs, this occurred at low elevations or on southerly aspects where there was abundant, large-diameter, well-decomposed woody debris under an open forest canopy. Grizzly bears selected moderately decomposed logs 4-5 dm in diameter at midpoint. Ants will likely become a more important food for Yellowstone's grizzly bears as currently important foods decline, owing to disease and warming of the regional climate.
机译：我使用了在1977年至1992年对黄石地区的放射性标记的灰熊（Ursus arctos horribilis）进行的研究中收集的数据，以调查该种群的食酶。尽管通常不是熊的重要能量来源（高峰消费时平均粪便量的不到5％），但蚂蚁可能在仲夏时期是重要的蛋白质来源，并且在某些年中大量消耗。在已知的优质食品稀缺的情况下，以及在研究的最热的月份（区域平均温度超过12-15摄氏度），每年都最常发生自噬。熊倾向于选择嵌套在原木中的大蚂蚁（> 8毫米长），而不是嵌套在石头下的小蚂蚁（小于或等于6毫米长）。食用蚂蚁的最佳条件发生在最温暖的地方，有充足的基质适合蚂蚁筑巢。对于土墩中的蚂蚁，这发生在非林木场所的低海拔处。对于原木中的蚂蚁，这发生在低海拔或偏南地区，在开放的森林冠层下有大量大直径，分解良好的木屑。灰熊选择了中点直径为4-5 dm的中度分解原木。由于疾病和区域气候变暖，由于目前重要的食物减少，蚂蚁可能会成为黄石灰熊更重要的食物。

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