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首页> 外文期刊>The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry >Consciousness and hallucinations in schizophrenia: the role of synapse regression.
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Consciousness and hallucinations in schizophrenia: the role of synapse regression.

机译：精神分裂症的意识和幻觉：突触消退的作用。

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Consciousness takes two forms, transitive and intransitive. Transitive consciousness is a matter of being conscious of something or other whereas intransitive consciousness has no object, as being conscious or awake. Of the different forms of transitive consciousness, perceptual, somatic, kinaesthetic and so on, cognitive neuroscience has concentrated on determining the neural concomitants of perceptual consciousness. To be conscious of a percept is to be aware of it and this requires attending to it. This work sets out a hypothesis as to what brain areas are involved in a schizophrenia subject attending and becoming aware of hallucinations. First, the different areas of cortex that support different visual and auditory illusions of percepts are considered. Next it is argued that endogenous activity in these areas of cortex give rise to hallucinations of percepts that are similar to the percepts that these same areas support during illusions. The basis of such endogenous activity, it is suggested, is to be found in the paucity of afferent synapses to these cortical areas. This may occur as a consequence of loss and regression of synapses due to a degenerative disease or because of abnormal synapse formation and regression during childhood and adolescence, as is likely to be the case in schizophrenia. Finally the neural basis of attention and awareness of these hallucinations are considered for subjects suffering from schizophrenia, and a set of important questions posed that await elucidation through future experimental studies.
机译：意识有两种形式，可及的和不可及的。超越意识是关于某种事物或其他事物的意识的问题，而非超越意识则没有意识或清醒的对象。在各种形式的传递意识中，知觉，躯体，动觉等，认知神经科学集中于确定知觉的神经伴随。意识到一个感知就是要意识到它，这需要关注它。这项工作提出了一个假设，即精神分裂症患者参与和意识到幻觉会涉及哪些大脑区域。首先，考虑支持不同视觉和听觉幻觉的皮质不同区域。接下来，人们认为，在这些皮层区域中的内源性活动​​导致了幻觉，这些幻觉类似于这些相同区域在幻觉中所支持的感知。有人认为，这种内源性活动​​的基础是在这些皮质区域缺乏突触的情况下发现的。这可能是由于退行性疾病引起的突触丧失和消退的结果，或者是由于儿童和青少年时期异常的突触形成和消退所致，就像精神分裂症一样。最后，对于患有精神分裂症的受试者，要考虑其对这些幻觉的关注和认识的神经基础，并且提出了一系列重要问题，需要通过未来的实验研究加以阐明。

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