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Melanin-based black plumage coloration is related to reproductive investment in cardueline finches

机译：黑色素为基础的黑色羽毛着色与对花雀雀的生殖投资有关

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摘要

Avian color ornaments produced by different mechanisms (i.e., melanin, carotenoid, and structural colors) can communicate different sets of information due to differences in their condition or developmental constraints. Although this suggests that different color signals should be analyzed separately, few comparative studies have focused on specific types of coloration. In cardueline finches, interspecific variation in overall plumage brightness (which integrates all types of coloration) was previously shown to be affected by sexual selection and to covary with fecundity and parental care. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we extended this line of research and tested whether a specific component of plumage ornamentation, the melanin-based black frontal coloration of finches, showed a similar association with reproductive effort. We found that the extent of male melanization and melanin dichromatism increased in species with reduced clutch sizes, whereas female melanization was negatively correlated with incubation length. These results remained significant when we controlled for the effects of several ecological variables, and were also consistent between two alternative multivariate model-selection approaches. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that interspecific variation in melanization may be related to fecundity and parental care through trade-offs between investment in sexual signals and parental efforts.
机译：通过不同机制（即黑色素，类胡萝卜素和结构色）产生的禽色装饰物由于其条件或发育限制的不同而可以传达不同的信息。尽管这表明应该分别分析不同的颜色信号，但是很少有比较研究集中在特定类型的颜色上。在腰雀雀中，总体羽毛亮度的种间差异（整合了所有类型的颜色）先前已显示出会受到性别选择的影响，并且会随着生殖力和父母照顾而变态。使用系统发育比较方法，我们扩展了这一研究范围，并测试了羽毛装饰的特定组成部分（雀科的黑色素基黑色额叶着色）是否显示出与生殖力相似的关联。我们发现，雄性黑化和黑色素重铬化程度在具有减小的离合器大小的物种中增加，而雌性黑化与潜伏期负相关。当我们控制几个生态变量的影响时，这些结果仍然很重要，并且在两种替代的多元模型选择方法之间也保持一致。我们的结果与假说的种间变异可能与性能力投资和父母努力之间的权衡取舍的假设有关。

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