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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >Family and Parent Influences on Pediatric Chronic Pain
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Family and Parent Influences on Pediatric Chronic Pain

机译：家庭和父母对小儿慢性疼痛的影响

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Pain that recurs or persists is unfortunately a common experience for children. One of the unique considerations in pediatric chronic pain management is the bidirectional influences of children's pain experiences and parental and family factors. In this review we present a developmental perspective on understanding pediatric chronic pain and disability, highlighting factors relevant from infancy to adolescence, and family and parent influences. Preliminary evidence indicates that developmental processes are influenced and may also shape the pediatric pain experience. Parent emotions, behaviors, and health also play a role in children's pain experiences, where overly protective parent behaviors, increased distress, and history of chronic pain are important parent-level influences. Research on family-level influences has revealed that families of children with chronic pain have poorer family functioning (e.g., more conflict, less cohesion) than families of healthy children. Several important gaps exist in this research, such as in understanding basic developmental processes in children with chronic pain and how they influence children's perception of and responses to pain. Also, there is a lack of longitudinal data on family relationships and individual adjustment to allow for understanding of whether changes occur in parenting over the course of the child's chronic pain experience. Although parent interventions have been successfully incorporated into many cognitive-behavioral treatments for children with chronic pain conditions, little guidance exists for adapting intervention strategies to be developmentally appropriate. Additional research is needed to examine whether parent interventions are effective at different developmental stages and the best way to incorporate developmental goals into treatment.
机译：不幸的是，反复发作或持续的疼痛是儿童的一种常见经历。小儿慢性疼痛管理的独特考虑因素之一是儿童疼痛经历以及父母和家庭因素的双向影响。在这篇综述中，我们提出了关于理解小儿慢性疼痛和残疾的发展观点，重点介绍了从婴儿期到青春期的相关因素，以及家庭和父母的影响。初步证据表明，发育过程受到影响，也可能影响小儿疼痛的经历。父母的情绪，行为和健康在孩子的痛苦经历中也起着重要作用，其中过度保护父母的行为，增加的痛苦和慢性疼痛的病史是重要的父母层面的影响。对家庭影响的研究表明，与健康儿童相比，患有慢性疼痛的儿童家庭的家庭功能较差（例如，更多的冲突，更少的凝聚力）。这项研究中存在一些重要的空白，例如在理解慢性疼痛儿童的基本发育过程以及它们如何影响儿童对疼痛的感知和反应方面。而且，缺乏关于家庭关系和个人适应的纵向数据，以使人们了解在孩子的慢性疼痛经历过程中父母的变化是否发生。尽管父母干预已被成功地纳入许多针对慢性疼痛儿童的认知行为治疗中，但对于使干预策略适应于发展上的需要，仍缺乏指导。需要进行其他研究，以检查父母干预在不同的发育阶段是否有效，以及将发育目标纳入治疗的最佳方法。

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