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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >Health Psychology and Translational Genomic Research Bringing Innovation to Cancer-Related Behavioral Interventions
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Health Psychology and Translational Genomic Research Bringing Innovation to Cancer-Related Behavioral Interventions

机译：健康心理学和转化基因组研究为癌症相关的行为干预带来创新

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The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in human genome sequencing technology and in the understanding of the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer development. These advances have raised hopes that such knowledge could lead to improvements in behavioral risk reduction interventions, tailored screening recommendations, and treatment matching that together could accelerate the war on cancer. Despite this optimism, translation of genomic discovery for clinical and public health applications has moved relatively slowly. To date, health psychologists and the behavioral sciences generally have played a very limited role in translation research. In this report we discuss what we mean by genomic translational research and consider the social forces that have slowed translational research, including normative assumptions that translation research must occur downstream of basic science, thus relegating health psychology and other behavioral sciences to a distal role. We then outline two broad priority areas in cancer prevention, detection, and treatment where evidence will be needed to guide evaluation and implementation of personalized genomics: (a) effective communication, to broaden dissemination of genomic discovery, including patient-provider communication and familial communication, and (b) the need to improve the motivational impact of behavior change interventions, including those aimed at altering lifestyle choices and those focusing on decision making regarding targeted cancer treatments and chemopreventive adherence. We further discuss the role that health psychologists can play in interdisciplinary teams to shape translational research priorities and to evaluate the utility of emerging genomic discoveries for cancer prevention and control.
机译：过去十年见证了人类基因组测序技术的快速发展，以及对遗传和表观遗传学改变在癌症发展中的作用的了解。这些进步引起了人们的希望，即这些知识可以改善行为风险的降低干预措施，量身定制的筛查建议以及匹配的治疗方法，从而共同加速癌症之战。尽管乐观，但基因组发现在临床和公共卫生领域的应用进展相对缓慢。迄今为止，健康心理学家和行为科学在翻译研究中通常只发挥了非常有限的作用。在本报告中，我们讨论了基因组翻译研究的含义，并考虑了使翻译研究放慢的社会力量，包括规范性假设，即翻译研究必须发生在基础科学的下游，从而将健康心理学和其他行为科学的作用降到最低。然后，我们概述了癌症预防，检测和治疗中的两个主要优先领域，在这些领域中将需要证据来指导评估和实施个性化基因组学：（a）有效沟通，以扩大基因组发现的传播范围，包括患者-提供者沟通和家庭沟通（b）有必要改善行为改变干预措施的动机影响，包括旨在改变生活方式选择的措施以及侧重于针对性癌症治疗和化学预防依从性的决策的措施。我们进一步讨论了健康心理学家在跨学科团队中可以发挥的作用，以塑造转化研究的重点并评估新兴基因组发现对癌症预防和控制的效用。

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