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Evaluating Gender Similarities and Differences Using Metasynthesis

机译：使用元合成方法评估性别异同

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Despite the common lay assumption that males and females are profoundly different, Hyde (2005) used data from 46 meta-analyses to demonstrate that males and females are highly similar. Nonetheless, the gender similarities hypothesis has remained controversial. Since Hyde's provocative report, there has been an explosion of meta-analytic interest in psychological gender differences. We utilized this enormous collection of 106 meta-analyses and 386 individual meta-analytic effects to reevaluate the gender similarities hypothesis. Furthermore, we employed a novel data-analytic approach called metasynthesis (Zell & Krizan, 2014) to estimate the average difference between males and females and to explore moderators of gender differences. The average, absolute difference between males and females across domains was relatively small (d = 0.21, SD = 0.14), with the majority of effects being either small (46%) or very small (39%). Magnitude of differences fluctuated somewhat as a function of the psychological domain (e.g., cognitive variables, social and personality variables, well-being), but remained largely constant across age, culture, and generations. These findings provide compelling support for the gender similarities hypothesis, but also underscore conditions under which gender differences are most pronounced.
机译：尽管普遍认为男性和女性之间存在巨大差异，但Hyde（2005）使用来自46项荟萃分析的数据来证明男性和女性高度相似。尽管如此，性别相似性假设仍存在争议。自海德（Hyde）的挑衅性报告以来，对心理性别差异的荟萃分析兴趣激增。我们利用了106个荟萃分析和386个个体荟萃分析的大量结果，重新评估了性别相似性假设。此外，我们采用了一种称为元合成的新型数据分析方法（Zell＆Krizan，2014），以估计男性和女性之间的平均差异，并探索性别差异的调节因素。跨域的男性和女性之间的平均绝对差异相对较小（d = 0.21，SD = 0.14），并且大多数影响很小（46％）或很小（39％）。差异的幅度随心理领域的变化而有所波动（例如，认知变量，社会和人格变量，幸福感），但在年龄，文化和世代之间基本保持不变。这些发现为性别相似性假设提供了令人信服的支持，同时也强调了性别差异最为明显的条件。

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