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首页> 外文期刊>The American psychologist >Structural Stigma: Research Evidence and Implications for Psychological Science
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Structural Stigma: Research Evidence and Implications for Psychological Science

机译：结构的污名：心理学的研究证据和启示

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Psychological research has provided essential insights into how stigma operates to disadvantage those who are targeted by it. At the same time, stigma research has been criticized for being too focused on the perceptions of stigmatized individuals and on microlevel interactions, rather than attending to structural forms of stigma. This article describes the relatively new field of research on structural stigma, which is defined as societal-level conditions, cultural norms, and institutional policies that constrain the opportunities, resources, and well-being of the stigmatized. I review emerging evidence that structural stigma related to mental illness and sexual orientation (a) exerts direct and synergistic effects on stigma processes that have long been the focus of psychological inquiry (e.g., concealment, rejection sensitivity), (b) serves as a contextual moderator of the efficacy of psychological interventions, and (c) contributes to numerous adverse health outcomes for members of stigmatized groups-ranging from dysregulated physiological stress responses to premature mortality-indicating that structural stigma represents an underrecognized mechanism producing health inequalities. Each of these pieces of evidence suggests that structural stigma is relevant to psychology and therefore deserves the attention of psychological scientists interested in understanding and ultimately reducing the negative effects of stigma.
机译：心理学研究提供了关于耻辱如何运作以使目标人群处于不利地位的重要见解。同时，由于对耻辱的研究过于关注受污名化的个体的看法和微观互动，因此受到批评，而没有关注污名的结构形式。本文介绍了结构污名研究的一个相对较新的领域，即结构性污名的定义是社会层面的条件，文化规范和机构政策，这些问题限制了被污名化的机会，资源和福祉。我回顾了新兴证据，表明与精神疾病和性取向有关的结构性污名（a）对长期以来一直是心理探究焦点（例如隐瞒，拒绝敏感性）的污名过程产生直接和协同的影响，（b）作为背景心理干预的有效性的调节者;（c）为受污名的群体的成员带来许多不良健康后果，从生理压力反应失调到过早死亡，这表明结构上的污名代表了人们对健康不平等现象认识不足的机制。这些证据中的每一个都表明结构性的污名与心理学有关，因此值得对理解和最终减少污名的负面影响感兴趣的心理学家关注。

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