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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >In search of the holy grail of fly motion vision
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In search of the holy grail of fly motion vision

机译：寻找飞行运动视觉的圣杯

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摘要

Detecting the direction of image motion is important for visual navigation as well as predator, prey and mate detection and, thus, essential for the survival of all animals that have eyes. However, the direction of motion is not explicitly represented at the level of the photoreceptors: it rather needs to be computed by subsequent neural circuits, involving a comparison of the signals from neighbouring photoreceptors over time. The exact nature of this process as implemented at the neuronal level has been a long-standing question in the field. Only recently, much progress has been made in Drosophila by genetically targeting individual neuron types to block, activate or record from them. The results obtained this way indicate that: (i) luminance information from fly photoreceptors R1-6 is split into two parallel motion circuits, specialized to detect the motion of luminance increments (ON-Channel) and decrements (OFF-Channel) separately; (ii) lamina neurons L1 and L2 are the primary input neurons to these circuits (L1ON-channel, L2OFF-channel); and (iii) T4 and T5 cells carry their output signals (ONT4, OFFT5).
机译：检测图像运动的方向对于视觉导航以及掠食者，猎物和伴侣的检测很重要，因此对于所有有眼动物的生存至关重要。但是，运动方向没有在感光器的层次上明确表示：它需要通过后续的神经电路来计算，这涉及到来自相邻感光器的信号随时间的比较。在神经元水平上实施该过程的确切性质一直是该领域中长期存在的问题。直到最近，果蝇通过遗传靶向单个神经元类型以阻断，激活或记录它们而取得了很大进展。通过这种方式获得的结果表明：（i）来自飞蝇感光体R1-6的亮度信息被分成两个平行的运动电路，专门用于分别检测亮度增量（ON通道）和减量（OFF-Channel）的运动; （ii）层神经元L1和L2是这些电路（L1ON通道，L2OFF通道）的主要输入神经元; （iii）T4和T5单元传送其输出信号（ONT4，OFFT5）。

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