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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical sleep onset and maintenance: a combined microinjection and functional neuroanatomical study.
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The rat ponto-medullary network responsible for paradoxical sleep onset and maintenance: a combined microinjection and functional neuroanatomical study.

机译：负责悖论性睡眠发作和维持的大鼠舟状神经网络：显微注射和功能性神经解剖学的结合。

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The neuronal network responsible for paradoxical sleep (PS) onset and maintenance has not previously been identified in the rat, unlike the cat. To fill this gap, this study has developed a new technique involving the recording of sleep-wake states in unanaesthetized head-restrained rats whilst locally administering pharmacological agents by microiontophoresis from glass multibarrel micropipettes, into the dorsal pontine tegmentum and combining this with functional neuroanatomy. Pharmacological agents used for iontophoretic administration included carbachol, kainic acid, bicuculline and gabazine. The injection sites and their efferents were then identified by injections of anterograde (phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) or retrograde (cholera toxin B subunit) tracers through an adjacent barrel of the micropipette assembly and by C-Fos immunostaining. Bicuculline, gabazine and kainic acid ejections specifically into the pontine sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) induced within a few minutes a PS-like state characterized by a continuous muscle atonia, low voltage EEG and a lack of reaction to stimuli. In contrast, carbachol ejections into the SLD induced wakefulness. In PHA-L, glycine and C-Fos multiple double-labelling experiments, anterogradely labelled fibres originating from the SLD were seen apposed on glycine and C-Fos positive neurons (labelled after 90 min of pharmacologically induced PS-like state) from the ventral gigantocellular and parvicellular reticular nuclei. Altogether, these data indicate that the SLD nuclei contain a population of neurons playing a crucial role in PS onset and maintenance. Furthermore, they suggest that GABAergic disinhibition and glutamate excitation of these neurons might also play a crucial role in the onset of PS.
机译：与猫不同，先前尚未在大鼠中发现负责悖论性睡眠（PS）发作和维持的神经元网络。为了填补这一空白，这项研究开发了一种新技术，该技术涉及在未麻醉的头部受限的大鼠中记录睡眠-觉醒状态，同时通过玻璃多管微量移液器中的微离子电渗入局部给药药理剂到背桥盖膜中并将其与功能神经解剖学结合。用于离子电渗疗法的药物包括卡巴胆碱，海藻酸，双瓜氨酸和加巴嗪。然后通过微量移液管组件的相邻枪管注射顺行（菜豆白菜凝集素）或逆行（霍乱毒素B亚基）示踪剂并通过C-Fos免疫染色来鉴定注射部位及其传出。在几分钟内，双小分子，杂志，川嗪和海藻酸喷入桥脑皮层旁核（SLD），诱发PS样状态，其特征是连续的肌性心律失常，低电压脑电图和对刺激的反应不足。相反，卡巴胆碱喷入SLD会引起清醒。在PHA-L，甘氨酸和C-Fos多次双重标记实验中，从腹侧观察到源自SLD的顺行标记纤维附着在来自腹侧的甘氨酸和C-Fos阳性神经元上（在药理学诱导的PS-样状态90分钟后标记）。巨细胞和小细胞网状细胞核。总而言之，这些数据表明SLD核中含有在PS发作和维持中起关键作用的神经元群体。此外，他们认为这些神经元的GABA能抑制和谷氨酸激发也可能在PS发作中起关键作用。

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