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首页> 外文期刊>The European Journal of Neuroscience >Feedback and feedforward adaptation to visuomotor delay during reaching and slicing movements
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Feedback and feedforward adaptation to visuomotor delay during reaching and slicing movements

机译：在到达和切片运动期间对视觉运动延迟的反馈和前馈适应

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It has been suggested that the brain and in particular the cerebellum and motor cortex adapt to represent the environment during reaching movements under various visuomotor perturbations. It is well known that significant delay is present in neural conductance and processing; however, the possible representation of delay and adaptation to delayed visual feedback has been largely overlooked. Here we investigated the control of reaching movements in human subjects during an imposed visuomotor delay in a virtual reality environment. In the first experiment, when visual feedback was unexpectedly delayed, the hand movement overshot the end-point target, indicating a vision-based feedback control. Over the ensuing trials, movements gradually adapted and became accurate. When the delay was removed unexpectedly, movements systematically undershot the target, demonstrating that adaptation occurred within the vision-based feedback control mechanism. In a second experiment designed to broaden our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, we revealed similar after-effects for rhythmic reversal (out-and-back) movements. We present a computational model accounting for these results based on two adapted forward models, each tuned for a specific modality delay (proprioception or vision), and a third feedforward controller. The computational model, along with the experimental results, refutes delay representation in a pure forward vision-based predictor and suggests that adaptation occurred in the forward vision-based predictor, and concurrently in the state-based feedforward controller. Understanding how the brain compensates for conductance and processing delays is essential for understanding certain impairments concerning these neural delays as well as for the development of brain-machine interfaces.
机译：已经提出，在各种视觉运动摄动下到达运动期间，大脑，尤其是小脑和运动皮层适应于代表环境。众所周知，神经电导和处理中存在显着的延迟。然而，延迟和适应延迟的视觉反馈的可能形式已被大大忽略。在这里，我们研究了在虚拟现实环境中施加的视觉运动延迟期间人类对象达到动作的控制。在第一个实验中，当视觉反馈意外延迟时，手的运动超过了终点目标，表明基于视觉的反馈控制。在随后的审判中，机芯逐渐适应并变得准确。当延迟被意外消除后，运动会系统性地低于目标，表明在基于视觉的反馈控制机制内发生了适应。在旨在加深我们对基本机制的理解的第二个实验中，我们揭示了节奏逆转（往返）运动的类似后效。我们提出了一个基于两个适应性正向模型的计算模型，这些模型分别针对特定的模态延迟（本体感觉或视觉）和第三个前馈控制器进行了调整，以适应这些结果。该计算模型与实验结果一起，驳斥了基于纯正向视觉的预测器中的延迟表示，并暗示自适应发生在基于正向视觉的预测器中，并同时发生在基于状态的前馈控制器中。了解大脑如何补偿电导和处理延迟对于理解有关这些神经延迟的某些损伤以及脑机接口的发展至关重要。

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