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The spindle checkpoint and chromosome segregation in meiosis

机译：减数分裂中的纺锤体检查点和染色体分离

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摘要

The spindle checkpoint is a key regulator of chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. Its function is to prevent precocious anaphase onset before chromosomes have achieved bipolar attachment to the spindle. The spindle checkpoint comprises a complex set of signaling pathways that integrate microtubule dynamics, biomechanical forces at the kinetochores, and intricate regulation of protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Historically, many key observations that gave rise to the initial concepts of the spindle checkpoint were made in meiotic systems. In contrast with mitosis, the two distinct chromosome segregation events of meiosis present a special challenge for the regulation of checkpoint signaling. Preservation of fidelity in chromosome segregation in meiosis, controlled by the spindle checkpoint, also has a significant impact in human health. This review highlights the contributions from meiotic systems in understanding the spindle checkpoint as well as the role of checkpoint signaling in controlling the complex divisions of meiosis.
机译：纺锤体检查点是有丝分裂和减数分裂中染色体分离的关键调节器。它的功能是在染色体达到纺锤体的双极附着之前防止早熟后期发生。纺锤体检查点包括一组复杂的信号通路，这些通路整合了微管动力学，动植物的生物力学力以及复杂的蛋白质相互作用调节和翻译后修饰。历史上，在减数分裂系统中做出了许多引起主轴检查点初始概念的关键观察。与有丝分裂相反，减数分裂的两个不同的染色体分离事件对调节检查站信号传导提出了特殊的挑战。在纺锤体检查点的控制下，减数分裂中染色体分离的保真度也对人类健康产生重大影响。这篇综述重点介绍了减数分裂系统在理解纺锤体检查点以及检查点信号在控制减数分裂复杂区系中的作用。

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