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首页> 外文期刊>The FEBS journal >A ZZ/ZW-type sex determination in Xenopus laevis. [Review]
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A ZZ/ZW-type sex determination in Xenopus laevis. [Review]

机译：非洲爪蟾的ZZ / ZW型性别决定。 [评论]

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摘要

Genetic sex-determining systems in vertebrates include two basic types of heterogamety, which are represented by the XX/XY and ZZ/ZW types. Both types occur among amphibian species. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms underlying amphibian sex determination. Recently, a W-linked gene, DM-W, was isolated as a paralog of DMRT1 in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, which has a female heterogametic ZZ/ZW-type sex-determining system. The DNA-binding domain of DM-W shows high sequence identity with that of DMRT1, but DM-W does not contain a domain with homology to DMRT1's transactivation domain. Importantly, phenotypic analysis of transgenic individuals bearing a DM-W-expression or -knockdown vector strongly suggested that DM-W acts as a female sex-determining gene in this species. In this minireview, we briefly describe the sex-determining systems in amphibians, discuss recent findings from the discovery of the DM-W gene in terms of its molecular evolution and its function in sex determination and ovary formation, and introduce a new model for the ZZ/ZW-type sex determination elicited by DM-W and DMRT1 in X. laevis. Finally, we discuss sex-determining systems and germ-cell development during vertebrate evolution, especially in view of a conserved role of DMRT1 in gonadal masculinization
机译：脊椎动物的遗传性别决定系统包括两种异性配子类型，以XX / XY和ZZ / ZW类型表示。两种类型都出现在两栖动物中。然而，关于两栖动物性别决定的分子机制知之甚少。最近，在非洲爪蛙Xenopus laevis中分离出W连锁基因DM-W作为DMRT1的旁系同源物，该蛙具有雌性杂配体ZZ / ZW型性别决定系统。 DM-W的DNA结合结构域与DMRT1具有高度的序列同一性，但DM-W不包含与DMRT1的反式激活结构域同源的结构域。重要的是，对携带DM-W表达或-knockdown载体的转基因个体的表型分析强烈表明，DM-W在该物种中是雌性决定基因。在这份小型回顾中，我们简要描述了两栖动物中的性别决定系统，讨论了DM-W基因的分子进化及其在性别决定和卵巢形成中的功能，并从中发现了DM-W基因的最新发现，并为该模型引入了新的模型。 DM-W和DMRT1在X.laevis中引起的ZZ / ZW型性别确定。最后，我们讨论脊椎动物进化过程中的性别决定系统和生殖细胞发育，尤其是鉴于DMRT1在性腺男性化中的保守作用

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