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首页> 外文期刊>The Hearing journal >The Auditory-Cognitive System: To Screen, or Not to Screen
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The Auditory-Cognitive System: To Screen, or Not to Screen

机译：听觉认知系统：要筛选还是不筛选

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The field is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of the ear—brain interplay undergirding most listening tasks. For example, cognitive skills, such as memory, have been shown to be important in investigations of hearing aid outcomes. Older adults with hearing loss and poor working memory are more susceptible to hearing aid distortions from signal-processing algorithms (Ear Hear 2013;34[3]:251-260), suggesting that cognitive skills should be taken into account in the hearing aid fitting.Cognitive function also appears to play a crucial role in speech-in-noise perception, especially in older adults. Imaging studies of word identification in unfavorable signal-to-noise ratios have revealed greater activation of memory and attention brain regions in older adults compared with younger adults {Neuropsychologia 2009;47[3]:693-703). To compensate for reduced audibility or deficits in temporal processing (J Neurosci 2012;32[4l]:14156-14l64;J Acoust Soc Am 2006;119[4]:2455-2466), older adults appear to draw more on cognitive resources than younger adults do {Ear Hear 2010;31[4]:471-479).Despite this greater need to rely on cognitive resources, older adults often have a diminished cognitive reserve when trying to communicate in a complex listening environment (Trends Amplif 2006;10[l]:29-59). Therefore, older adults with preserved cognitive skills, such as working memory and attention, may have better speech-in-noise performance than those who have suffered cognitive losses.We evaluated the role of the auditory-cognitive system in speech-in-noise perception in a group of older adults with hearing levels ranging from normal to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (Hear Res 2013;300:18-32). In these 120 older adults (age 55 to 79), we used structural equation modeling to evaluate the strength of contributions from cognitive function (memory and attention), peripheral hearing status (audiomet-ric thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions), and neural processing (subcortical measures of pitch and response fidelity) to speech-in-noise perception (QuickSIN, Hearing in Noise Test, and Words-in-Noise [WIN] test).36-36
机译：听力领域越来越意识到耳朵的重要性，因为大脑之间的相互作用是大多数听力任务的基础。例如，已证明认知技能（例如记忆力）在助听器结果调查中很重要。听力损失和工作记忆力较差的成年人更容易受到信号处理算法引起的助听器失真的影响（Ear Hear 2013; 34 [3]：251-260），这表明在助听器安装过程中应考虑认知技能认知功能似乎也对听觉噪声起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在老年人中。单词识别在不利的信噪比下的影像学研究表明，与年轻人相比，老年人的记忆和注意力大脑区域激活更大（Neuropsychologia 2009; 47 [3]：693-703）。为了弥补听觉上的减少或时间处理上的缺陷（J Neurosci 2012; 32 [4l]：14156-14l64; J Acoust Soc Am 2006; 119 [4]：2455-2466），老年人似乎更多地使用认知资源而不是年轻人确实{Ear Hear 2010; 31 [4]：471-479）。尽管对认知资源的依赖更大，但在复杂的聆听环境中尝试交流时，老年人的认知储备往往会减少（Trends Amplif 2006; 10 [l]：29-59）。因此，具有保留的认知技能（例如工作记忆和注意力）的老年人可能比遭受认知丧失的老年人具有更好的语音噪声表现。我们评估了听觉认知系统在语音噪声感知中的作用在一群听力水平从正常到中度感音神经性听力下降的老年人中（Hear Res 2013; 300：18-32）。在这120位年龄在55至79岁之间的老年人中，我们使用结构方程模型来评估认知功能（记忆和注意力），周围听力状态（听觉阈值和失真产物耳声发射）的贡献强度。 （音高和响应保真度的皮层下测量）对噪声中语音的感知（QuickSIN，噪声中的听力测试和噪声中的单词[WIN]测试）.36-36

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