Nitrofurantoin is indicated for die treatment or prophylaxis of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Currently, it is considered as second-line treatment for this type of infection because of emerging bacterial resistance.1 Nitrofurantoin is bioactivated to various reactive intermediates that interfere with bacterial ribosomal proteins and inhibit the synthesis of critical cellular macromolecules (e.g., DNA).2 Nitrofurantoin is extensively absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, is rapidly eliminated (with a half-life of about 0.3-1 h) by the kidneys, and is concentrated in the urine.3 Typical dosages in adults with normal renal function (creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min) are 50-100 mg PO qid for 1 week (for treatment) or 50-100 mg PO at bedtime (for prophylaxis).4 The clearance of nitrofurantoin depends on glomerular function, so its concentration in the urine, and hence its bactericidal effects, is reduced in patients with compromised creatinine clearance.
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机译：呋喃妥因适用于单纯性尿路感染的治疗或预防。目前，由于新出现的细菌耐药性，它被认为是这种感染的二线治疗。1呋喃妥因被生物活化为各种活性中间体，这些中间体会干扰细菌核糖体蛋白并抑制关键细胞大分子（例如DNA）的合成。2呋喃妥因被胃肠道广泛吸收，被肾脏迅速消除（半衰期约为0.3-1小时），并集中在尿液中。3肾功能正常（肌酐清除率> 60的成年人）的典型剂量mL / min）为1周50-100 mg PO qid（用于治疗）或就寝时间50-100 mg PO qid（用于预防）.4呋喃妥因的清除率取决于肾小球功能，因此其在尿液中的浓度以及因此肌酐清除率降低的患者其杀菌作用降低。
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