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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >Are cannabis prevalence estimates comparable across countries and regions? A cross-cultural validation using search engine query data
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Are cannabis prevalence estimates comparable across countries and regions? A cross-cultural validation using search engine query data

机译：各个国家和地区的大麻流行率估计值是否具有可比性？使用搜索引擎查询数据进行跨文化验证

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Background: Prevalence estimation of cannabis use is usually based on self-report data. Although there is evidence on the reliability of this data source, its cross-cultural validity is still a major concern. External objective criteria are needed for this purpose. In this study, cannabis-related search engine query data are used as an external criterion. Methods: Data on cannabis use were taken from the 2007 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Provincial data came from three Italian nation-wide studies using the same methodology (2006-2008; ESPAD-Italia). Information on cannabis-related search engine query data was based on Google search volume indices (GSI). (1) Reliability analysis was conducted for GSI. (2) Latent measurement models of " true" cannabis prevalence were tested using perceived availability, web-based cannabis searches and self-reported prevalence as indicators. (3) Structure models were set up to test the influences of response tendencies and geographical position (latitude, longitude). In order to test the stability of the models, analyses were conducted on country level (Europe, US) and on provincial level in Italy. Results: Cannabis-related GSI were found to be highly reliable and constant over time. The overall measurement model was highly significant in both data sets. On country level, no significant effects of response bias indicators and geographical position on perceived availability, web-based cannabis searches and self-reported prevalence were found. On provincial level, latitude had a significant positive effect on availability indicating that perceived availability of cannabis in northern Italy was higher than expected from the other indicators. Conclusion: Although GSI showed weaker associations with cannabis use than perceived availability, the findings underline the external validity and usefulness of search engine query data as external criteria. The findings suggest an acceptable relative comparability of national (provincial) prevalence estimates of cannabis use that are based on a common survey methodology. Search engine query data are a too weak indicator to base prevalence estimations on this source only, but in combination with other sources (waste water analysis, sales of cigarette paper) they may provide satisfactory estimates.
机译：背景：大麻使用流行率的估算通常基于自我报告数据。尽管有证据表明该数据源具有可靠性，但其跨文化有效性仍然是一个主要问题。为此，需要外部客观标准。在这项研究中，与大麻有关的搜索引擎查询数据被用作外部标准。方法：有关大麻使用的数据来自2007年欧洲学校酒精与其他药物调查项目（ESPAD）。省级数据来自意大利的三项全国性研究，均采用相同的方法（2006-2008年; ESPAD-Italia）。有关大麻的搜索引擎查询数据的信息基于Google搜索量索引（GSI）。 （1）对GSI进行了可靠性分析。 （2）使用感知的可用性，基于网络的大麻搜索和自我报告的流行率作为指标，测试了“真实”大麻流行率的潜在测量模型。 （3）建立结构模型以测试响应趋势和地理位置（纬度，经度）的影响。为了检验模型的稳定性，在意大利（国家/地区）（欧洲，美国）和省级进行了分析。结果：发现与大麻有关的GSI具有高度的可靠性，并且随着时间的推移而保持不变。总体测量模型在两个数据集中都非常重要。在国家一级，没有发现回应偏倚指标和地理位置对可感知的可获得性，基于网络的大麻搜索和自我报告的流行率的重大影响。在省一级，纬度对供应量有显着的积极影响，表明意大利北部大麻的可感知供应量高于其他指标的预期。结论：尽管GSI显示与大麻使用的关联性比感知的可用性弱，但这些发现强调了搜索引擎查询数据作为外部标准的外部有效性和实用性。调查结果表明，基于共同调查方法的国家（省）大麻使用流行率估计值具有相对可接受的相对可比性。搜索引擎查询数据是一个太弱的指标，无法仅基于此来源进行患病率估计，但是与其他来源（废水分析，卷烟纸销售）结合使用时，它们可能会提供令人满意的估计。

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