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首页> 外文期刊>The International journal of drug policy >Strategies to avoid opiate withdrawal: Implications for HCV and HIV risks
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Strategies to avoid opiate withdrawal: Implications for HCV and HIV risks

机译：避免鸦片戒断的策略：对HCV和HIV风险的影响

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Background: Research on heroin withdrawal has primarily been done clinically, thus focussing on symptom severity, physiological manifestations, and how withdrawal impairs normal functioning. However, there is little scientific knowledge on how heroin withdrawal affects injection behaviour. This paper explores how withdrawal episodes heighten unsafe injection practices and how some long-term injectors manage such risks. Methods: We interviewed 32 injection drug users in New York City who had been injecting drugs for 8-15 years (21 HIV and HCV uninfected; 3 HIV and HCV infected; and 8 singly infected with HCV). We used in-depth life history interviews to inquire about IDUs' life history, injection practices and drug use behaviour over time. Analysis used grounded theory techniques. Results: Withdrawal can enhance risk by undermining IDUs' willingness to inject safely; increasing the likelihood of attending risky settings; raising the number of injection partners; and seeking ad hoc partners for drug or needle sharing. Some IDUs have developed practices to cope with withdrawal and avoid risky practices (examples include carrying clean needles to shooting galleries and sniffing rather than injecting). Strategies to avoid withdrawal include back up methods, resorting to credit, collaborating with others, regimenting drug intake, balancing drug intake with money available, and/or resorting to treatment. Conclusion: Withdrawal periods can heighten risky injection practices. Some IDUs have applied strategies to avoid withdrawal or used practices to cope without engaging in risky practices. These behaviours might in turn help IDUs prevent an infection with hepatitis C or HIV.
机译：背景：关于海洛因戒断的研究主要是在临床上进行的，因此重点研究症状的严重程度，生理表现以及戒断对正常功能的影响。但是，关于海洛因戒断如何影响注射行为的科学知识很少。本文探讨撤药事件如何加剧不安全的注射做法以及一些长期的注射者如何管理此类风险。方法：我们采访了纽约市的32名注射毒品者，他们注射毒品的时间为8-15年（21名未感染HIV和HCV; 3名HIV和HCV感染; 8名单独感染HCV）。我们使用了深入的生活史访谈，以了解IDU的生活史，注射习惯以及一段时间内的吸毒行为。分析使用扎根的理论技术。结果：退出会破坏IDU的安全注射意愿，从而增加风险。增加参加危险场所的可能性;增加注射伙伴的数量;并寻找药物或针头共享的临时合作伙伴。一些注射毒品使用者已经制定了应对撤离并避免危险的做法（例如，包括用干净的针头扎在射击场上，嗅探而不是注射）。避免退出的策略包括备份方法，求助于信用，与他人合作，限制药物摄入，使药物摄入与可用资金保持平衡和/或求助于治疗。结论：停药期可能会增加危险的注射操作。一些注射毒品使用者已经采取了避免退缩的策略，或者采用了不使用危险行为的做法来应对。这些行为可能反过来帮助吸毒者预防丙型肝炎或艾滋病毒感染。

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