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首页> 外文期刊>Biological psychiatry >The female urine sniffing test: a novel approach for assessing reward-seeking behavior in rodents.
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The female urine sniffing test: a novel approach for assessing reward-seeking behavior in rodents.

机译：女性尿液嗅探测试：一种评估啮齿动物寻求奖励行为的新颖方法。

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摘要

BACKGROUND: Abnormal hedonic behavior is a key feature of many psychiatric disorders. Several paradigms measure reward-seeking behavior in rodents, but each has limitations. We describe a novel approach for monitoring reward-seeking behavior in rodents: sniffing of estrus female urine by male mice, along with number of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted during the test. METHODS: The female urine sniffing test (FUST) was designed to monitor reward-seeking activity in rodents together with tests of helplessness and sweet solution preference. USVs and dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) were recorded. Sniffing activity was measured in 1) manipulation-naive C57BL/6J and 129S1/SVImJ mice and Wistar-Kyoto rats; 2) stressed mice; 3) two groups of mice that underwent the learned helplessness paradigm-one untreated, and one treated with the SSRI citalopram; and 4) GluR6 knockout mice, known to display lithium-responsive, mania-related behaviors. RESULTS: Males from all three strains spent significantly longer sniffing female urine than sniffing water. Males emitted USVs and showed significantly elevated NAc dopamine levels while sniffing urine. Foot-shock stress significantly reduced female urine sniffing time. Compared with mice that did not undergo the LH paradigm, LH males spent less time sniffing female urine, and citalopram treatment alleviated this reduction. Compared with their wildtype littermates, GluR6KO males sniffed female urine longer and showed enhanced saccharin preference. CONCLUSIONS: In rodents, sniffing female urine is a preferred activity accompanied by biological changes previously linked to reward-seeking activities. The FUST is sensitive to behavioral and genetic manipulation and to relevant drug treatment.
机译：背景：享乐行为异常是许多精神疾病的关键特征。有几种范例可以衡量啮齿动物的寻求奖励行为，但是每种范例都有其局限性。我们描述了一种监测啮齿类动物寻求奖励行为的新颖方法：雄性小鼠嗅发情雌性尿液，以及在测试过程中发出的超声发声数（USV）。方法：设计女性尿液嗅探试验（FUST）来监测啮齿动物的寻求奖励活动以及无助和对甜味剂偏好的测试。记录了伏伏核（NAc）释放的USV和多巴胺。在1）初次操作的C57BL / 6J和129S1 / SVImJ小鼠和Wistar-Kyoto大鼠中测量嗅探活性; 2）压力小鼠; 3）两组小鼠经历了学习的无助模式，一组未经治疗，另一组接受SSRI西酞普兰治疗; 4）GluR6基因敲除小鼠，已知表现出锂反应性，躁狂相关行为。结果：所有三种菌株中的男性嗅嗅女性尿液的时间明显比嗅水更长。雄性放出USV，并在嗅尿时显示出NAc多巴胺水平显着升高。足部休克压力显着减少了女性的尿液嗅闻时间。与未进行LH范式的小鼠相比，LH雄性嗅闻雌性尿的时间更少，西酞普兰治疗减轻了这种减少。与野生型同窝仔相比，GluR6KO雄性嗅探女性尿液的时间更长，并显示出糖精偏好的增强。结论：在啮齿类动物中，嗅探女性尿液是一种首选活动，伴随着先前与寻求奖励活动有关的生物学变化。 FUST对行为和基因操作以及相关药物治疗敏感。

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