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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Exogenous sodium nitroprusside and glutathione alleviate copper toxicity by reducing copper uptake and oxidative damage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings
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Exogenous sodium nitroprusside and glutathione alleviate copper toxicity by reducing copper uptake and oxidative damage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

机译：外源硝普钠和谷胱甘肽通过减少水稻（Oryza sativa L.）幼苗的铜吸收和氧化损伤减轻铜的毒性

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Nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) regulate a variety of physiological processes and stress responses; however, their involvement in mitigating Cu toxicity in plants has not been extensively studied. This study investigated the interactive effect of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and GSH on Cu homeostasis and Cu-induced oxidative damage in rice seedlings. Hydroponically grown 12-day-old seedlings were subjected to 100 μM CuSO_4 alone and in combination with 200 μM SNP (an NO donor) and 200 μM GSH. Cu exposure for 48 h resulted in toxicity symptoms such as stunted growth, chlorosis, and rolling in leaves. Cu toxicity was also manifested by a sharp increase in lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, lipid peroxidation (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2), proline (Pro) content, and rapid reductions in biomass, chlorophyll (Chl), and relative water content (RWC). Cu-caused oxidative stress was evident by overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; superoxide (O_2~(?–)) and H_2O_2). Ascorbate (AsA) content decreased while GSH and phytochelatin (PC) content increased significantly in Custressed seedlings. Exogenous SNP, GSH, or SNP+GSH decreased toxicity symptoms and diminished a Cu-induced increase in LOX activity, O_2~(?–), H_2O_2, MDA, and Pro content. They also counteracted a Cu-induced increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activities, which paralleled changes in ROS and MDA levels. These seedlings also showed a significant increase in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and AsA and PC content compared with the seedlings stressed with Cu alone. Cu analysis revealed that SNP and GSH restricted the accumulation of Cu in the roots and leaves of Cu-stressed seedlings. Our results suggest that Cu exposure provoked an oxidative burden while reduced Cu uptake and modulating the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems by adding SNP and GSH play an important role in alleviating Cu toxicity. Furthermore, the protective action of GSH and SNP+ GSH was more efficient than SNP alone.
机译：一氧化氮（NO）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）调节多种生理过程和应激反应。然而，尚未广泛研究它们在减轻植物中铜毒性方面的作用。这项研究调查了外源硝普钠（SNP）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）对水稻幼苗铜稳态和铜诱导的氧化损伤的相互作用。水培生长的12天大的幼苗单独接受100μMCuSO_4处理，并与200μMSNP（NO供体）和200μMGSH结合使用。铜暴露48小时会导致毒性症状，例如生长发育迟缓，萎黄和叶子滚动。铜的毒性还表现为脂氧合酶（LOX）活性，脂质过氧化（MDA），过氧化氢（H_2O_2），脯氨酸（Pro）含量急剧增加，生物量，叶绿素（Chl）和相对水含量迅速降低（ RWC）。铜引起的氧化应激通过活性氧（ROS;超氧化物（O_2〜（？–））和H_2O_2）的过度积累而明显体现出来。苦瓜幼苗中抗坏血酸（AsA）含量降低，而谷胱甘肽和植物螯合素（PC）含量显着增加。外源性SNP，GSH或SNP + GSH减少了毒性症状，并减少了铜诱导的LOX活性，O_2〜（？–），H_2O_2，MDA和Pro含量的增加。他们还抵消了铜诱导的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX），谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR），单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（MDHAR）以及乙二醛酶I和乙二醛酶II活性的增加，这与ROS和MDA水平的变化平行。与单独使用铜胁迫的幼苗相比，这些幼苗还显示出过氧化氢酶（CAT），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX），脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR），谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性以及AsA和PC含量的显着增加。铜分析表明，单核苷酸多态性和谷胱甘肽限制了铜在铜胁迫幼苗根和叶中的积累。我们的结果表明，铜暴露引起氧化负担，同时通过添加SNP和GSH减少铜的摄取并调节抗氧化剂防御和乙二醛酶系统，在减轻铜毒性中起重要作用。此外，GSH和SNP + GSH的保护作用比单独的SNP更有效。

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