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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >POLARIZATION PREDICTS THE PATTERN OF CELLULARIZATION IN CEREAL ENDOSPERM
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POLARIZATION PREDICTS THE PATTERN OF CELLULARIZATION IN CEREAL ENDOSPERM

机译:极化预测谷物内胚乳中的纤维素化模式

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The endosperm of cereal grains develops as a multinucleate mass of wall-less cytoplasm (syncytium) that lines the periphery of the central cell before becoming cellular. The pattern of initial wall formation is precisely oriented and is followed by a round of precisely oriented formative cell division that gives rise to initials for the two tissues of endosperm. The initial anticlinal walls form at boundaries of nuclear-cytoplasmic domains (NCDs) defined by radial microtubules emanating from nuclei in the syncytium. Polarized growth of the NCDs in axes perpendicular to the embryo sac wall and centripetal elongation of the anticlinal walls results in a single layer of open ended alveoli overtopped by the remaining syncytial cytoplasm. This arboreal stage, so named because the elongate nucleate columns of cytoplasm resemble an orchard of trees, predicts the division polarity of the imminent formative division. Mitosis occurs as a wave which, like polarization, moves in both directions from ventral to dorsal. Spindles are oriented parallel to the long axis of the alveoli and cell plates give rise to periclinal walls. The outer daughter nuclei (aleurone initials) are thus completely enclosed by walls and the inner nuclei (starchy endosperm initials) are in alveoli adjacent to the central vacuole. [References: 25]
机译:谷物的胚乳发育为无核细胞质(合胞体)的多核团块,在进入细胞之前先排成中心细胞的外围。初始壁形成的模式是精确定向的,随后是一轮精确定向的形成性细胞分裂,这导致了胚乳两个组织的起始。最初的抗斜肌壁形成在核细胞质结构域(NCD)的边界处,该区域由合胞体中的核发出的放射状微管限定。 NCD在垂直于胚囊壁的轴上的极化生长和抗斜肌壁的向心伸长导致单层开放式肺泡被剩余的合胞体细胞质覆盖。之所以称其为树栖阶段,是因为细胞质的细长核柱类似于果园,可预测即将形成的分裂的分裂极性。有丝分裂发生为一波,像极化一样,从腹侧到背侧都在两个方向上移动。纺锤的方向平行于肺泡的长轴,细胞板会产生周壁壁。因此,外子核(神经元缩写)被壁完全包围,内核(淀粉胚乳缩写)在中央液泡附近的肺泡中。 [参考:25]

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