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首页> 外文期刊>Protoplasma: An International Journal of Cell Biology >Endocytosis in the plant-pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis
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Endocytosis in the plant-pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis

机译：植物病原真菌Ustilago maydis的内吞作用

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Filamentous fungi are an important group of tip-growing organisms, which include numerous plant pathogens such as Magnaporthe grisea and Ustilago maydis. Despite their ecological and economical relevance, we are just beginning to unravel the importance of endocytosis in filamentous fungi. Most evidence for endocytosis in filamentous fungi is based on the use of endocytic tracer dyes that are taken up into the cell and delivered to the vacuole. Moreover, genomewide screening for candidate genes in Neurospora crassa and U. maydis confirmed the presence of most components of the endocytic machinery, indicating that endocytosis participates in filamentous growth. Indeed, it was shown that in U. maydis early endosomes cluster at sites of growth, where they support morphogenesis and polar growth, most likely via endosome-based membrane recycling. In humans, such recycling processes to the plasma membrane involve small GTPases such as Rab4. A homologue of this protein is encoded in the genome of U. maydis but is absent from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that Rab4-mediated recycling is important for filamentous growth. Furthermore, human Rab4 regulates traffic of early endosomes along microtubules, and a similar microtubule-based transport is described for U. maydis. These observations suggest that Rab4-like GTPases might regulate endosome- and microtubule-based recycling during tip growth of filamentous fungi.
机译：丝状真菌是一类重要的尖端生长生物，其中包括许多植物病原体，例如稻瘟病菌和玉米Us。尽管它们具有生态和经济意义，但我们才刚刚开始阐明内吞作用在丝状真菌中的重要性。丝状真菌内吞作用的大多数证据是基于内吞示踪染料的使用，该染料被吸收到细胞中并传递到液泡中。此外，在Neurospora crassa和U. maydis中候选基因的全基因组筛选证实了内吞机制的大多数成分的存在，表明内吞作用参与了丝状生长。实际上，已经表明，在U. maydis中，早期的内体聚集在生长部位，它们支持形态发生和极性生长，最有可能是通过基于内体的膜回收。在人类中，质膜的这种回收过程涉及小的GTPases，例如Rab4。该蛋白的同源物编码在马氏酵母的基因组中，但在酿酒酵母中却没有，这表明Rab4介导的回收对于丝状生长很重要。此外，人Rab4调节沿着微管的早期内体的运输，并且描述了类似的基于U. maydis的基于微管的运输。这些观察结果表明，Rab4样GTPases可能在丝状真菌的尖端生长过程中调节基于内体和微管的再循环。

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