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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Psychology >Startle potentiation in rapidly alternating conditions of high and low predictability of threat.
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Startle potentiation in rapidly alternating conditions of high and low predictability of threat.

机译：在威胁的高可预测性和低可预测性的快速交替条件下产生的惊吓增强。

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摘要

Effects of predictability of threat on potentiation of the startle reflex were investigated by presenting participants with predictable and unpredictable electric shocks. Shocks were presented either paired with a visual cue (paired condition) or unrelated to the presentation of the visual cues (unpaired condition). In contrast to previous slower-paced studies, conditions alternated at a rapid rate: each context lasted 8.5 s and within these contexts the visual cues had a duration of 1.5 s. Results replicated previous findings: in the predictable condition, startle responses were augmented by a threat-signaling stimulus, and startle responses in the unpredictable condition were larger than in a neutral condition in which no shocks were presented. In all three conditions, visual stimuli that did not carry information about when a shock could be presented augmented startle reactivity. A control experiment showed that the effects of threat on the startle response could not be ascribed to attention and that the effects of the lead stimuli that did not signal threat are likely to be unrelated to the effects of threat. These results show that the fear system is modulated dynamically as a function of rapidly changing information about threat and emphasize the role of predictability of an aversive stimulus in the distinction between cue-specific and contextual fear.
机译：通过向参与者提供可预测和不可预测的电击，研究了威胁的可预测性对惊吓反射增强的影响。冲击与视觉提示配对（成对状态）或与视觉提示呈现无关（成对状态）。与以前的慢节奏研究相反，情况以快速变化：每个情境持续8.5 s，在这些情境中，视觉提示的持续时间为1.5 s。结果重复了以前的发现：在可预测的情况下，威胁信号刺激增强了惊吓反应，在不可预测的情况下，惊吓反应比没有电击的中性条件下大。在所有这三种情况下，没有携带有关何时可呈现电击信息的视觉刺激会增强惊吓反应性。对照实验表明，威胁对惊吓反应的影响无法引起注意，并且未暗示威胁的先导刺激的作用可能与威胁的影响无关。这些结果表明，恐惧系统是根据快速变化的威胁信息动态调节的，并强调了厌恶性刺激的可预测性在提示特定恐惧和情境恐惧之间的区别。

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