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首页> 外文期刊>The journal of clinical psychiatry >Risk and resilience in posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Risk and resilience in posttraumatic stress disorder.

机译：创伤后应激障碍的风险和适应力。

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a fairly common psychiatric disorder that is associated with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 9% in the United States. In light of recent war and terrorist activity worldwide, it is likely that increased numbers of individuals will be exposed to severe or life-threatening trauma, and the incidence of PTSD may be even higher than previously indicated in epidemiologic studies. PTSD may develop after exposure to a traumatic event in which the individual experienced, witnessed, or was confronted by either actual or threatened loss of life or serious injury. Patients with PTSD often reexperience intrusive recollections of the event in ways that are highly distressing and may be described as reliving the memory. Not surprisingly, symptoms of avoidance are noted because individuals with PTSD often wish to escape recollections (thoughts, feelings, conversations, places) related to the trauma. Patients also experience symptoms of hyperarousal associated with difficulty concentrating or exaggerated startle response. Notably, individuals who develop PTSD represent only a subset of those exposed to trauma. It is of interest why certain individuals are at risk for development of PTSD after traumatic exposure, whereas others appear to be more resilient to the effects of trauma. Studies suggest that previous exposure to trauma and intensity of the response to acute trauma may affect the development of PTSD. In addition, however, neuroendocrine changes, such as lower cortisol levels, also may influence formation and processing of traumatic memories and may be associated with the underlying pathology of PTSD.
机译：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种相当常见的精神病，在美国，其终生患病率约为9％。鉴于最近全球范围内的战争和恐怖活动，可能有越来越多的人遭受严重或威胁生命的创伤，而PTSD的发病率甚至可能比流行病学研究中先前指出的要高。 PTSD可能会在遭受创伤事件后发展，在该事件中，个人经历过，目睹或面对过实际或威胁性的生命丧失或严重伤害。患有PTSD的患者经常以令人非常痛苦的方式重新体验该事件的侵入性回忆，并可能被描述为减轻记忆力。毫不奇怪，会注意到避免症状，因为患有PTSD的人通常希望逃避与创伤有关的回忆（想法，感觉，谈话，地点）。患者还会出现过度兴奋的症状，与注意力不集中或惊吓反应过度有关。值得注意的是，发展为PTSD的个体仅代表遭受创伤的个体的一部分。令人感兴趣的是，为什么某些人在遭受外伤后有罹患PTSD的风险，而其他人似乎对外伤的影响更具弹性。研究表明，先前接触创伤和对急性创伤的反应强度可能会影响PTSD的发展。然而，此外，神经内分泌的变化，例如较低的皮质醇水平，也可能影响创伤性记忆的形成和处理，并且可能与PTSD的潜在病理相关。

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