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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Comparative Neurology >Direct and indirect connections between cochlear root neurons and facial motor neurons: pathways underlying the acoustic pinna reflex in the albino rat.
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Direct and indirect connections between cochlear root neurons and facial motor neurons: pathways underlying the acoustic pinna reflex in the albino rat.

机译：耳蜗根神经元和面部运动神经元之间的直接和间接连接：白化病大鼠中耳廓反射的基础通路。

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摘要

Cochlear root neurons (CRNs) are involved in the acoustic startle reflex, which is widely used in behavioral models of sensorimotor integration. A short-latency component of this reflex, the auricular reflex, promotes pinna movements in response to unexpected loud sounds. However, the pathway involved in the auricular component of the startle reflex is not well understood. We hypothesized that the auricular reflex is mediated by direct and indirect inputs from CRNs to the motoneurons responsible for pinna movement, which are located in the medial subnucleus of the facial motor nucleus (Mot7). To assess whether there is a direct connection between CRNs and auricular motoneurons in the rat, two neuronal tracers were used in conjunction: biotinylated dextran amine, which was injected into the cochlear nerve root, and Fluoro-Gold, which was injected into the levator auris longus muscle. Under light microscopy, close appositions were observed between axon terminals of CRNs and auricular motoneurons. The presence of direct synaptic contact was confirmed at the ultrastructural level. To confirm the indirect connection, biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the auditory-responsive portion of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus, which receives direct input from CRNs. The results confirm that the caudal pontine reticular nucleus also targets the Mot7 and that its terminals are concentrated in the medial subnucleus. Therefore, it is likely that CRNs innervate auricular motoneurons both directly and indirectly, suggesting that these connections participate in the rapid auricular reflex that accompanies the acoustic startle reflex.
机译：耳蜗根神经元（CRNs）参与听觉惊吓反射，它广泛用于感觉运动整合的行为模型。这种反射的短时延成分即耳反射，可响应意外的响亮声音促进耳廓运动。然而，对惊吓反射的耳廓成分所涉及的途径还没有很好的了解。我们假设耳反射是由CRN向负责耳廓运动的运动神经元的直接和间接输入介导的，运动神经元位于面部运动神经核的内侧亚核（Mot7）。为了评估大鼠中CRN和耳动神经元之间是否存在直接联系，结合使用了两种神经元示踪剂：注入耳蜗神经根的生物素化右旋糖酐胺和注入耳提肌的Fluoro-Gold。肌肉较长。在光学显微镜下，观察到CRNs的轴突末端和耳运动神经元之间的紧密并置。在超微结构水平上证实了直接突触接触的存在。为了确认间接连接，将生物素化的右旋糖酐胺注射到尾桥脑桥网状核的听觉响应部分，该听觉响应部分从CRN接受直接输入。结果证实尾脑桥网状核也靶向Mot7，并且其末端集中在内侧亚核中。因此，CRN可能直接或间接地影响耳动神经元，表明这些连接参与了听觉惊吓反射所伴随的快速耳反射。

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