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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology >The effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen utilization by white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and on nitrogen in the soil at harvest
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The effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen utilization by white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and on nitrogen in the soil at harvest

机译：施氮对白菜（Brassica oleracea var。capitata）氮利用和收获时土壤中氮的影响

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摘要

During two seasons and at four locations the effect of rate of nitrogen application and the method of application on the nitrogen uptake by white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was studied. Maximum nitrogen uptake by white cabbage was around 400 kg ha~(-1). Split application had no effect on nitrogen uptake. Band placement incidentally stimulated nitrogen uptake by the crop. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization for product dry-matter production decreased with increasing nitrogen rates. With increasing amounts of nitrogen applied the dry matter concentration of the heads decreased linearly with increasing nitrogen concentration. The nitrogen harvest index, the amount of nitrogen removed from the field with the product as a percentage of the total uptake by the crop at harvest, was not influenced by the rate or method of nitrogen application and varied between experiments from 54 to 60%. The amount of nitrogen in crop residues increased with increasing amounts of nitrogen applied and, in two experiments, was higher with band placement of nitrogen. At the optimum nitrogen application rate ( = 330 - 1.5 Nmin 0-60 cm kg ha~(-1); Everaarts and De Mole, 1998) an average of 113 kg of nitrogen ha~(-1) would have been left in the field in crop residues at harvest. The amount of nitrogen left in the soil at harvest was low and amounted to a maximum of around 40 kg ha~(-1) for the soil layer 0-90 cm. Leaching of nitrogen during growth is probably limited. High amounts of nitrogen band placed resulted in a horizontally unequal distribution of soil nitrogen at harvest. The amount of nitrogen unaccounted for at harvest was proportional to the amount of nitrogen available and for all experiments could be described by one linear equation. The method of fertilizer application had no effect on this relationship. The amount of nitrogen in crop residues is the largest single source of potential loss of nitrogen with white cabbage cultivation.
机译：研究了两个季节和四个地点的施氮速率和施肥方法对白菜（Brassica oleracea var。capitata）氮吸收的影响。白菜的最大氮吸收量约为400 kg ha〜（-1）。分次施用对氮的吸收没有影响。乐队的位置偶然刺激了作物对氮的吸收。随着氮含量的增加，用于产品干物质生产的氮利用效率降低。随着施氮量的增加，喷头的干物质浓度随氮浓度的增加而线性降低。氮收获指数，即随产品一起从田间去除的氮量占收获时作物总吸收量的百分比，不受氮施用速率或施氮方法的影响，并且实验之间的差异为54％至60％。作物残渣中的氮含量随施氮量的增加而增加，并且在两个实验中，随着氮的带状放置而增加。在最佳氮肥施用量下（= 330-1.5 Nmin 0-60 cm kg ha〜（-1）; Everaarts和De Mole，1998年），平均每户将剩下113 kg氮ha〜（-1）。收获时残留农作物的田地。收获时残留在土壤中的氮含量低，对于0-90厘米的土壤层，其最大值约为40 kg ha-1（-1）。生长期间氮的浸出可能受到限制。放置大量氮带导致收获时土壤氮素水平分布不均。收获时未说明的氮含量与可利用的氮含量成正比，对于所有实验，都可以用一个线性方程式描述。施肥方法对此关系没有影响。作物残渣中的氮含量是白菜栽培中潜在的氮损失的最大单一来源。

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