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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology >Characteristics of flowering stems and raceme position in macadamia.
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Characteristics of flowering stems and raceme position in macadamia.

机译：澳洲坚果的开花茎和总状花序位置特征。

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摘要

Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. integrifolia x tetraphylla Johnson) flowers are borne on racemes that usually originate from axillary buds in response to cool conditions. In this report, we examine the relationship between stem characteristics and the number of racemes produced, to improve our understanding of the control of floral initiation and axillary bud release. Two macadamia trees of each of the cultivars 'A4', '660', '695', and 'A38' were pruned annually for 3 years and the relationships between stem length, stem age, the number of vegetative flushes, stem orientation, and the number of racemes produced were quantified in year 4 (2006). In addition, trees of cultivar '849' were pruned in Autumn and early Summer, and the flowering characteristics of the post-pruning vegetative flushes were monitored the following Spring (2006). There were significant differences in the extent and location of racemes between cultivars. Racemes were produced preferentially on short stems that consisted of few vegetative flushes. In cultivar 'A4', 1-year-old stems were more likely to flower than 2-year-old stems; whereas, in cultivar 'A38', 2-year-old stems were more likely to produce racemes than 1-year-old stems. As stem orientation changed from horizontal to vertical, the likelihood of raceme production increased in cultivar '660' stems consisting of one flush and in '695' stems consisting of two flushes. Stem characteristics, particularly stem age and vigour, indicate the likelihood of flowering, but position within the canopy may be another important consideration. Canopy management practices that promote the production of short stems may increase whole-tree raceme production and, given the variation in the location of raceme production with cultivar, canopy management practices specific to cultivar should be considered.
机译：澳洲坚果（Maadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche， M。integrifolia x tetraphylla Johnson）花在总状花序上生，这些总状花序起因于腋芽凉爽的条件。在本报告中，我们研究了茎特征与产生的外消旋体数量之间的关系，以增进我们对花序萌发和腋芽释放控制的理解。每年对两个品种'A4'，'660'，'695'和'A38'的澳洲坚果进行修剪，为期3年，其茎长，茎龄，无性潮红数量，茎定向和在第4年（2006年）对产生的外消旋体的数量进行了量化。此外，在秋季和夏季初修剪了'849'品种的树木，并在第二年春季（2006年）监测了修剪后植物性潮红的开花特性。品种之间的总消旋程度和位置存在显着差异。总的来说，外消旋体是在短茎上产生的，该茎由很少的植物性潮红组成。在品种“ A4”中，一岁的茎比两岁的茎更容易开花。而在'A38'品种中，2岁茎比1岁茎更有可能产生外消旋体。当茎的方向从水平方向变为垂直方向时，品种'660'的茎由一个同花形成，而'695'的茎由两个同花形成，总状花序产生的可能性增加。茎的特征，特别是茎的年龄和活力，表明开花的可能性，但是在树冠中的位置可能是另一个重要的考虑因素。促进短茎生产的冠层管理实践可能会增加整棵树的总状花序产量，并且鉴于不同品种的总状花序生产位置不同，应考虑针对特定品种的冠层管理实践。

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