The US Geological Survey's Military Geology Unit in World War II: 'the Army's pet prophets'

C. M. Nelson; E. P. F. Rose

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The US Geological Survey's Military Geology Unit in World War II: 'the Army's pet prophets'

机译：第二次世界大战中美国地质调查局的军事地质部门：“陆军的宠物先知”

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In 1942 the US Geological Survey formed a Military Geology Unit (MGU) at Washington, DC of in-house and other earth scientists and engineers to gather terrain and related strategic intelligence. MGU compiled reports containing data about regions outside the USA as tables, text and maps for use by Allied forces, especially American and British. Benefiting to some extent from both Allied and German geological experience in World War I, MGU developed into by far the largest geology-based intelligence unit used to help guide Allied planning and operations in World War II. About 50 'Strategic Engineering Studies' were completed in 1942, and at least 50 more in 1943. MGU products contributed significantly to the Allied campaigns in Sicily and Italy from 1943, and complemented British geotechnical work associated with Normandy and the NW Europe Campaign in 1944-1945. In 1944-1945, MGU deployed teams from Washington to US Army theatre headquarters in Europe, and more substantially to the SW Pacific and Pacific Ocean areas, principally to provide intelligence for strategic and tactical planning, and advice to and (in the Pacific) participation in combat operations. After 1945, MGU developed into a Military Geology Branch, responding to demands of wars cold and hot until 1972.

机译：1942年，美国地质调查局在华盛顿特区成立了军事地质部门（MGU），由内部和其他地球科学家和工程师共同收集地形和相关的战略情报。 MGU编制的报告以表格，文字和地图的形式包含了美国以外地区的数据，以供盟军特别是美军和英军使用。第一次世界大战在一定程度上得益于盟军和德国的地质经验，MGU发展成为迄今为止最大的基于地质的情报部门，用于指导盟军在第二次世界大战中的计划和作战。 1942年完成了约50项“战略工程研究”，1943年完成了至少50项。MGU产品对1943年以来在西西里岛和意大利的盟军战役做出了重大贡献，并补充了与诺曼底和1944年西北欧洲战役有关的英国岩土工程-1945。 1944-1945年，MGU从华盛顿向欧洲的美国陆军战区总部部署了团队，并更广泛地部署到了西南太平洋和太平洋地区，主要是为战略和战术计划提供情报，并为参与和（参与太平洋的）参与提供建议在作战行动中。 1945年以后，MGU发展成为军事地质部门，以应对冷战和热战的要求，直到1972年。

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《Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology》 |2012年第3期|共19页
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C. M. Nelson; E. P. F. Rose;
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1. The US Geological Survey's Military Geology Unit in World War II: 'the Army's pet prophets' [J] . C. M. Nelson, E. P. F. Rose Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology . 2012,第3期

机译：第二次世界大战中美国地质调查局的军事地质部门：“陆军的宠物先知”
2. Discussion of 'Terrain evaluation for Allied military operations in Europe and the Far East during World War II: "secret" British reports and specialist maps generated by the Geological Section, Inter-Service Topographical Department', by E.P.F. Rose & J.C. Clatworthy, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 41, 237-256 [J] . A. Ludford Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology . 2009,第1期

机译：由E.P.F.撰写的“第二次世界大战期间对欧洲和远东地区同盟军事行动的地形评估：“秘密”英国报告和由军种间地形部地质科绘制的专家地图的讨论”。 Rose＆J.C. Clatworthy，《工程地质与水文地质季刊》，第41卷，第237-256页
3. Reply to Discussion of 'Terrain evaluation for Allied military operations in Europe and the Far East during World War II: "secret" British reports and specialist maps generated by the Geological Section, Inter-Service Topographical Department', by E.P.F. Rose & J.C. Clatworthy, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 41, 237-256 [J] . E.P.F. Rose, J.C. Clatworthy Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology . 2009,第1期

机译：E.P.F.对“第二次世界大战期间对欧洲和远东地区同盟军事行动的地形评估：英国“秘密”英国报告和由军种间地形部门地质科绘制的专家地图”的讨论的答复。 Rose＆J.C. Clatworthy，《工程地质与水文地质季刊》，第41卷，第237-256页
4. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage Resource Assessment of the United States [C] . Peter D. Warwick, Madalyn S. Blondes, Sean T. Brennan International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies . 2014

机译：美国地质调查地质碳二氧化碳储存资源评估美国
5. THE GEOLOGY AND PETROLOGY OF ANORTHOSITIC ROCKS IN THE DULUTH COMPLEX, SNOWBANK LAKE QUADRANGLE, NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA. (VOLUMES I AND II) (PLAGIOCLASE, PETROGENESIS, PETROCHEMISTRY, TROCTOLITE). [D] . MILLER, JAMES DUANE, JR. 1986

机译：明尼苏达州东北部雪班湖四面体德卢斯复杂地带的南极岩石的地质和岩石学。（第I和第II卷）（旧酶，成矿作用，石油化学，三方沸石）。
6. Elements of Geology for Popular Use; Containing a Description of the Geological Formations and Mineral Resources of the United States [O] . 1841

机译：流行地质学要素；包含对美国地质构造和矿产资源的描述
7. I.—New Geological Survey Maps and Memoirs - 1. The Geology of Falmouth and Truro and of the Mining District of Camborne and Redruth. J. B. Hill, R.N., and D. A. MacAlister A.R.S.M., F.G.S., with Petrological Notes by J. S. Flett M.B., D.Sc., 8vo, cloth; pp. x and 336, 24 plates. Pages 1–112 form Part I, Geology; pp. 113–314 form Part II, Mining; pp. 315–324 are Bibliography; and pp. 325–335, Index. Price 7s. 6d.; in explanation of colour-printed map, Sheet 352, 1s. 6d. (E. Stanford: London, 1906.) - 2. The Geology of the Country near Newquay. By Clement Reid F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., and J. B. Scrivenor M.A., F.G.S., with contributions by J. S. Flett M.A., D.Sc., W. Pollard M.A., D.Sc., and D. A. MacAlister A.R.S.M., 1906, price 3s., 9½ inches by 6 inches; pp. iv + 131, with 6 plates (photographic process) and 23 figures. Pages 1–90 are devoted to Geology; pp. 91–119 form Appendix I, Mines; pp. 120–122 form Appendix II, Bibliography; pp. 123–131, Index. In explanation of Sheet 346. [O] . B. Hobson 1907

机译：I.-新的地质调查地图和回忆录 - 1.法尔茅斯和特鲁罗地质和Camborne和Redruth的矿区。 J.B.Hill，R.N.和D. A. Mealister A.R.S.M.，F.S.，J.S.Flett M.B.，D.Sc.，8VO，布料; PP。X和336,24板块。第1-112页形式I，地质; PP。113-314表格II，采矿; PP。315-324是参考书目;和pp.325-335，索引。价格7s。 6d .;在解释颜色印刷地图，片材352,1S。 6D。（E. Stanford：伦敦，1906年） - 2.新Quay附近的国家地质。通过Clement Reid FRS，FLS，FGS和JB Scriveor MA，FGS，JS Flett MA，D.Sc.，W. Pollard Ma，D.Sc.和Da Macalister Arsm，1906，价格3s。，9½英寸6英寸; PP。IV + 131，具有6个板（摄影过程）和23个数字。第1-90页致力于地质学; PP。91-119表格附录一，矿山; PP。120-122表格附录II，参考书目;第123-131页，索引。在纸张346的解释中。
8. Database of the United States Coal Pellet Collection of the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Petrology Laboratory. [R] . Deems, N. J., Hackley, P. C. 2012

机译：美国地质调查有机岩石学实验室美国煤球收集数据库。

The US Geological Survey's Military Geology Unit in World War II: 'the Army's pet prophets'

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