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首页> 外文期刊>Chromosoma >From early homologue recognition to synaptonemal complex formation.
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From early homologue recognition to synaptonemal complex formation.

机译：从早期的同源物识别到突触复合物的形成。

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摘要

This review focuses on various aspects of chromosome homology searching and their relationship to meiotic and vegetative pairing and to the silencing of unpaired copies of genes. Chromosome recognition and pairing is a prominent characteristic of meiosis; however, for some organisms, this association (complete or partial) is also a normal part of nuclear organization. The multiple mechanisms suggested to contribute to homologous pairing are analyzed. Recognition of DNA/DNA homology also plays an important role in detecting DNA segments that are present in inappropriate number of copies before and during meiosis. In this context, the mechanisms of methylation induced premeiotically, repeat-induced point mutation, meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA, and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation will be discussed. Homologue juxtaposition during meiotic prophase can be divided into three mechanistically distinct steps, namely, recognition, presynaptic alignment, and synapsis by the synaptonemal complex (SC). In most organisms, these three steps are distinguished by their dependence on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The coupling of SC initiation to (and downstream effects of) DSB formation and the exceptions to this dependency are discussed. Finally, this review addresses the specific factors that appear to promote chromosome movement at various stages of meiotic prophase, most particularly at the bouquet stage, and on their significance for homologue pairing and/or achieving a final pachytene configuration.
机译：这篇综述着重于染色体同源性搜索的各个方面，以及它们与减数分裂和营养配对以及与未配对基因拷贝的沉默之间的关系。染色体识别和配对是减数分裂的主要特征。但是，对于某些生物而言，这种联系（全部或部分）也是核组织的正常组成部分。分析了有助于同源配对的多种机制。 DNA / DNA同源性的识别在检测减数分裂前后和减数分裂中不适当数量的DNA片段中也起着重要作用。在这种情况下，将讨论甲基化诱导前减数分裂，重复诱导的点突变，未配对DNA导致的减数分裂沉默和减数分裂性染色体失活的机制。减数分裂前期的同系物并置可以分为三个机械上不同的步骤，即识别，突触前对齐和突触复合物（SC）突触。在大多数生物中，这三个步骤的区别在于它们对DNA双链断裂（DSB）的依赖性。讨论了SC引发与DSB形成（及其下游影响）的耦合以及该依赖性的例外。最后，本文综述了在减数分裂前期各个阶段，特别是在花束期，可能促进染色体运动的特定因素，以及它们对于同源物配对和/或实现最终粗线形构型的意义。

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