Aqueous monosaccharide solutions including glucose or fructose have been hydrothermally treated in a closed system to form colloidal carbon spheres. In-situ Raman and 13C NMR have been used to quantify the intramolecular dehydration moiety, HMF, as an intermediate. An aqueous glucose solution forms a carbon sphere via an intermolecular dehydration route without forming HMF during initial hydrothermal treatment and followed by carbonization at 170-180 °C. However, an aqueous fructose solution initially forms HMF by intramolecular dehydration at 120-140 °G. Upon subsequent polymerization, microscopic carbon-containing spheres assemble to larger spheres, thereby generating a grain-like surface morphology. The carbon sphere contains a dense hydrophobic carbon core and a hydrophilic shell.
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机译：包含葡萄糖或果糖的单糖水溶液已在密闭系统中进行水热处理，以形成胶体碳球。原位拉曼光谱和13 C NMR已被用来量化分子内脱水部分HMF作为中间体。葡萄糖水溶液通过分子间的脱水途径形成碳球，而在初始水热处理期间没有形成HMF，随后在170-180°C的温度下碳化。但是，果糖水溶液最初会在120-140°G下通过分子内脱水形成HMF。在随后的聚合中，微小的含碳球组装成更大的球，从而产生颗粒状的表面形态。碳球包含致密的疏水碳核和亲水壳。
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