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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry >Type of fatty acids in maternal diets during pregnancy and/or lactation and metabolic consequences of the offspring
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Type of fatty acids in maternal diets during pregnancy and/or lactation and metabolic consequences of the offspring

机译：孕期和/或哺乳期母亲饮食中脂肪酸的类型以及后代的代谢后果

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During pregnancy and/or lactation, maternal nutrition is related to the adequate development of the fetus, newborn and future adult, likely by modifications in fetal programming and epigenetic regulation. Fetal programming is characterized by adaptive responses to specific environmental conditions during early life stages, which may alter gene expression and permanently affect the structure and function of several organs and tissues, thus influencing the susceptibility to metabolic disorders. Regarding lipid metabolism during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the maternal body accumulates fat, whereas in late pregnancy, the lipolytic activity in the maternal adipose tissue is increased. However, an excess or deficiency of certain fatty acids may lead to adverse consequences to the fetuses and newborns. Fetal exposure to trans fatty acids appears to promote early deleterious effects in the offspring's health, thereby increasing the individual risk for developing metabolic diseases throughout life. Similarly, the maternal intake of saturated fatty acids seems to trigger alterations in the liver and adipose tissue function associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly long-chain PUFAs (long-chain PUFA-arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), play an important and beneficial physiologic role in the offspring who receive this fatty acid during critical periods of development. Therefore, the maternal nutritional condition and fatty acid intake during pregnancy and/or lactation are critical factors that are strongly associated with normal fetal and postnatal development, which influence the modifications in fetal programming and in the individual risk for developing metabolic diseases throughout life. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：在怀孕和/或哺乳期间，母亲的营养与胎儿，新生儿和未来成年人的适当发育有关，这可能是由于胎儿程序和表观遗传调控的改变。胎儿程序设计的特征是在生命的早期阶段对特定环境条件的适应性反应，这可能会改变基因表达并永久性影响多个器官和组织的结构和功能，从而影响对代谢疾病的敏感性。关于在怀孕的前三个月中的脂质代谢，孕妇体内会积累脂肪，而在怀孕后期，孕妇的脂肪组织中的脂解活性会增加。但是，某些脂肪酸的过量或缺乏可能对胎儿和新生儿造成不利影响。胎儿暴露于反式脂肪酸似乎促进了后代健康的早期有害影响，从而增加了终生发展代谢疾病的个体风险。同样，孕妇摄入饱和脂肪酸似乎会触发与胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病相关的肝脏和脂肪组织功能的改变。多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），尤其是长链PUFA（长链PUFA-花生四烯酸，二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸）在后代中起着重要的有益生理作用，这些后代在关键的发育时期接受这种脂肪酸。因此，孕期和/或哺乳期的孕产妇营养状况和脂肪酸摄入是与正常胎儿和出生后发育密切相关的关键因素，这些因素影响胎儿编程的改变以及一生中发生代谢性疾病的个体风险。 （C）2015 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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