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Evaluation of several chemical disinfectants for removing zebra mussels from unionid mussels

机译：几种化学消毒剂用于从疣体贻贝中去除斑马贻贝的评价

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摘要

We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of chemical treatments for killing veliger and juvenile stages of the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha attached to unionid mussels. Static toxicity tests were conducted on eight unionid mussel species with common aquaculture chemicals (benzalkonium chloride, formalin, hydrogen peroxide, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride). The concentration and duration of each chemical treatment tested had previously been found to kill zebra mussel veligers and juveniles. Several species (e.g., Elliptio dilatata, Lampsilis cardium, and Lasmigona complanata) incurred less than 10% mortality in chloride salt treatments, while in other species (e.g., Obliquaria reflexa and Leptodea fragilis) mortality varied greatly among treatment regimes. Treatments with benzalkonium chloride, formalin, and hydrogen peroxide were less than 90% effective on juvenile stages of zebra mussels and, therefore, were ruled out after preliminary trials. Limited application of specific chemical treatments may be feasible for more tolerant species; however, effective disinfection of unionid shells will require the use of chemical treatment followed by a quarantine period to completely remove zebra mussel larvae and juveniles.
机译：我们评估了化学疗法用于杀灭附着在裸藻贻贝上的斑马贻贝Dreissena polymorpha的veliger和幼年阶段的安全性和有效性。用常见的水产养殖化学品（苯扎氯铵，福尔马林，过氧化氢，氯化钙，氯化钾和氯化钠）对8种蠕形贻贝物种进行了静态毒性测试。先前已发现每种化学处理的浓度和持续时间可以杀死斑马贻贝的食肉动物和少年。几种物种（例如Elliptio dilatata，Lampsilis cardium和Lasmigona complanata）在氯化物盐处理中的死亡率不到10％，而其他物种（例如Obliquaria reflexa和Leptodea fragilis）的死亡率在治疗方案之间差异很大。苯扎氯铵，福尔马林和过氧化氢对斑马贻贝幼年期的治疗效果不到90％，因此在初步试验后被排除在外。对于较宽容的物种，有限的特定化学处理方法可能是可行的;但是，要有效地消毒虫体外壳，需要先进行化学处理，然后进行隔离，以完全清除斑马贻贝的幼虫和幼体。

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