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首页> 外文期刊>The quarterly journal of experimental psychology: QJEP >Concrete problems in the abstract deontic selection task-And how to solve them
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Concrete problems in the abstract deontic selection task-And how to solve them

机译：抽象灵异选择任务中的具体问题以及解决方法

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摘要

The abstract deontic selection task was introduced by Cheng and Holyoak with the aim of demonstrating that people possess abstract reasoning schemas for processing deontic rules about what an individual must, must not, may, or need not do. Solving this task requires people to detect possible rule violators. The average solution rate across several studies, while being substantially higher than that with abstract nondeontic tasks, did not reach the level obtained with concrete deontic tasks. A task analysis based on the deontic principles by Beller uncovers several problems with the formulation of the original task. They concern the presentation of the deontic rule as well as the instructions (focusing on rule following) and result in a specific selection behaviour. Three experiments replicate the difficulties with the original task and show that task performance increases when the formulation problems are resolved. The best performance was obtained with a task that combined a genuine violation detection instruction with a genuine permission rule. Interestingly, permissions are weak deontic rules that, if taken literally, cannot be violated in a deontic sense. Therefore, people must interpret these rules as implying a strong deontic constraint (i.e., a ban), which then constitutes the basis for solving the task. The results provide novel insights into the interpretation of deontic rules and into the role that these content-specific, but abstract, tasks can play for the study of reasoning processes.
机译：Cheng和Holyoak引入了抽象的道义选择任务，目的是证明人们拥有抽象推理模式来处理关于个人必须，不得，可能或不需要做什么的道义规则。解决此任务需要人们发现可能的违反规则者。多项研究的平均解决率虽然明显高于抽象的非灵修任务，但仍未达到具体的灵修任务所达到的水平。贝勒基于奉献原则的任务分析发现了原始任务制定过程中的几个问题。他们关注定理规则和指令的表示（侧重于规则遵循），并导致特定的选择行为。三个实验复制了原始任务的困难，并表明解决配方问题后任务性能会提高。通过将真正的违规检测指令与真正的许可规则相结合的任务获得了最佳性能。有趣的是，许可是薄弱的宗法规则，如果从字面上看，则不能以宗法意识来违反。因此，人们必须将这些规则解释为意味着强烈的义务约束（即禁令），然后构成解决任务的基础。结果提供了新颖的见解，解释了道义规则，并解释了这些特定于内容但抽象的任务可以在推理过程的研究中发挥的作用。

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