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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Prostaglandins in non-insectan invertebrates: recent insights and unsolved problems
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Prostaglandins in non-insectan invertebrates: recent insights and unsolved problems

机译：非昆虫无脊椎动物中的前列腺素：最新见解和未解决的问题

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Prostaglandins (PG) are oxygenated derivatives of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. In mammals, these compounds have been shown to play key roles in haemostasis, sleep-wake regulation, smooth muscle tone, and vaso-, temperature and immune regulation. In invertebrates, PGs have been reported to perform similar roles and are involved in the control of oogenesis and spermatogenesis, ion transport and defence. Although there is often a detailed understanding of the actions of these compounds in invertebrates such as insects, knowledge of their mechanism of biosynthesis is often lacking. This account provides a critical review of our current knowledge on the structure and modes of biosynthesis of PGs in invertebrates, with particular reference to aquatic invertebrates. It emphasises some of the most recent findings, which suggest that some PGs have been misidentified. Prostaglandins in invertebrates can be categorised into two main types; the classical forms, such as PGE2 and PGD2 that are found in mammals, and novel forms including clavulones, bromo- and iodo-vulones and various PGA2 and PGE2 esters. A significant number of reports of PG identification in invertebrates have relied upon methods such as enzyme immunoassay that do not have the necessary specificity to ensure the validity of the identification. For example, in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, although there are PG-like compounds that bind to antibodies raised against PGE2, mass spectrometric analysis failed to confirm the presence of this and other classical PGs. Therefore, care should be taken in drawing conclusions about what PGs are formed in invertebrates without employing appropriate analytical methods. Finally, the recent publication of the Ciona genome should facilitate studies on the nature and mode of biosynthesis of PGs in this advanced deuterostomate invertebrate.
机译：前列腺素（PG）是C20多不饱和脂肪酸（包括花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸）的氧化衍生物。在哺乳动物中，这些化合物已显示出在止血，睡眠觉醒调节，平滑肌张力以及血管，温度和免疫调节中起关键作用。在无脊椎动物中，据报道PG具有类似的作用，并参与卵子和精子生成，离子转运和防御的控制。尽管通常对这些化合物在无脊椎动物（例如昆虫）中的作用有详细的了解，但通常缺乏有关其生物合成机理的知识。该说明对我们目前对无脊椎动物PGs的生物合成结构和模式的知识进行了严格的回顾，特别是对水生无脊椎动物的参考。它强调了一些最新发现，这表明某些PG已被错误识别。无脊椎动物中的前列腺素可分为两种主要类型：传统形式，例如在哺乳动物中发现的PGE2和PGD2，以及新颖的形式，包括克拉维酮，溴和碘代vulone和各种PGA2和PGE2酯。无脊椎动物中PG鉴定的大量报告都依赖于酶免疫测定等方法，这些方法没有必要的特异性来确保鉴定的有效性。例如，在藤壶Balanus amphitrite中，尽管有PG样化合物与针对PGE2的抗体结合，但质谱分析未能确认这种和其他经典PG的存在。因此，在不采用适当的分析方法而得出无脊椎动物中形成哪些PG的结论时应格外小心。最后，Ciona基因组的最新发表应有助于研究这种先进的氘代硬脂酸酯无脊椎动物中PGs的生物合成性质和模式。

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