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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Cardiovascular development in embryos of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis: effects of chronic and acute hypoxia
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Cardiovascular development in embryos of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis: effects of chronic and acute hypoxia

机译：美国短吻鳄短吻鳄的胚胎中的心血管发育：慢性和急性缺氧的影响

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摘要

Chronic hypoxic incubation is a common tool used to address the plasticity of morphological and physiological characteristics during vertebrate development. In this study chronic hypoxic incubation of embryonic American alligators resulted in both morphological (mass) and physiological changes. During normoxic incubation embryonic mass, liver mass and heart mass increased throughout the period of study, while yolk mass fell. Chronic hypoxia (10% O-2) resulted in a reduced embryonic mass at 80% and 90% of incubation. This reduction in embryonic mass was accompanied by a relative enlargement of the heart at 80% and 90% of incubation, while relative embryonic liver mass was similar to the normoxic group. Normoxic incubated alligators maintained a constant heart rate during the period of study, while mean arterial pressure rose continuously. Both levels of hypoxic incubation (15% and 10% O-2) resulted in a lower mean arterial pressure at 90% of incubation, while heart rate was lower in the 10% O-2 group only. Acute (5 min) exposure to 10% O-2 in the normoxic group resulted in a biphasic response, with a normotensive bradycardia occurring during the period of exposure and a hypertensive tachycardic response occurring during recovery. The embryos incubated under hypoxia also showed a blunted response to acute hypoxic stress. In conclusion, the main responses elicited by chronic hypoxic incubation, namely, cardiac enlargement, blunted hypoxic response and systemic vasodilation, may provide chronically hypoxic embryos with a new physiological repertoire for responding to hypoxia.
机译：慢性低氧孵育是解决脊椎动物发育过程中形态和生理特征可塑性的常用工具。在这项研究中，美国短吻鳄的慢性低氧培养导致形态（质量）和生理变化。在常氧温育期间，整个研究期间，胚胎质量，肝质量和心脏质量均增加，而卵黄质量则下降。慢性缺氧（10％O-2）导致孵化率分别为80％和90％时胚胎质量降低。胚胎质量的减少伴随着在孵化率分别为80％和90％时心脏的相对增大，而相对胚胎肝脏的质量与常氧组相似。在研究期间，常氧温育的鳄鱼维持了恒定的心率，而平均动脉压则持续上升。两种低氧孵育水平（15％和10％O-2）在孵育90％时均导致较低的平均动脉压，而仅10％O-2组的心率较低。在常氧组中，急性（5分钟）暴露于10％O-2会导致双相反应，在暴露期间会出现血压正常的心动过缓，而在恢复期间则会发生高血压的心动过速。在缺氧条件下孵育的胚胎对急性缺氧应激也显示钝化反应。总之，由慢性低氧培养引起的主要反应，即心脏增大，钝性低氧反应和全身血管舒张，可能为慢性低氧胚胎提供了一种应对低氧的新的生理功能。

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