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首页> 外文期刊>The Royal Society Proceedings B: Biological Sciences >Microsatellites reveal heterosis in red deer.
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Microsatellites reveal heterosis in red deer.

机译：微卫星揭示了马鹿的杂种优势。

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The fitness consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding are poorly understood in natural populations. We explore two microsatellite-based variables, individual heterozygosity (likely to correlate with recent inbreeding) and a new individual-specific internal distance measure, mean d2 (focusing on events deeper in the pedigree), in relation to two measures of fitness expressed early in life, birth weight and neonatal survival, in 670 red deer calves (Cervus elaphus) born on the Isle of Rum between 1982 and 1996. For comparison, we also analyse inbreeding coefficients derived from pedigrees in which paternity was inferred by molecular methods. Only 14 out of 231 calves (6.1%) had non-zero inbreeding coefficients, and neither inbreeding coefficient nor individual heterozygosity was consistently related to birth weight or neonatal survival. However, mean d2 was consistently related to both fitness measures. Low mean d2 was associated with low birth weight, especially following cold Aprils, in which foetal growth is reduced. Low mean d2 was also associated with low neonatal survival, but this effect was probably mediated by birth weight because fitting birth weight to the neonatal survival model displaced mean d2 as an explanatory variable. We conclude that in the deer population fitness measures expressed early in life do not show evidence of inbreeding depression, but they do show evidence of heterosis, possibly as a result of population mixing. We also demonstrate the practical problems of estimating inbreeding via pedigrees compared with a direct marker-based estimate of individual heterozygosity. We suggest that, together, individual heterozygosity and mean d2, estimated using microsatellites, are useful tools for exploring inbreeding and outbreeding in natural population.
机译：在自然种群中，对近交和近交的适应性后果知之甚少。我们探讨了两个基于微卫星的变量，即个体杂合度（可能与最近的近亲繁殖相关）和新的个体特异性内部距离测度，均值d2（关注谱系中较深的事件），与早于20世纪60年代表达的两种适应度测度有关1982年至1996年间在朗姆岛上出生的670头小鹿（鹿）的生命，出生体重和新生儿存活率。为了进行比较，我们还分析了通过谱系法得出的近亲繁殖系数，其中亲子鉴定通过分子方法得出。在231个犊牛中，只有14个（6.1％）的近交系数不为零，并且近交系数和个体杂合度均与出生体重或新生儿存活率无关。但是，平均值d2始终与两种适应度指标相关。平均d2值低与出生体重低有关，尤其是在寒冷的四月之后，胎儿的生长速度降低。平均均值d2低也与新生儿存活率低有关，但是这种影响可能是由出生体重引起的，因为将出生体重与新生儿生存模型拟合可以代替平均d2作为解释变量。我们得出的结论是，在鹿的早期生活中表达的适应性测度并未显示出近亲衰退的迹象，但确实显示了杂种优势的迹象，这可能是由于种群混合所致。我们还证明了通过谱系估计近亲繁殖与直接基于标记的个体杂合度估计相比存在实际问题。我们建议，使用微卫星估算的个体杂合度和均值d2一起是探索自然种群近交和近交的有用工具。

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