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首页> 外文期刊>The Royal Society Proceedings B: Biological Sciences >Benefits of induced host responses against an ectoparasite
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Benefits of induced host responses against an ectoparasite

机译：诱导宿主对体外寄生虫反应的益处

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As a consequence of the deleterious effects of parasites on host fitness, hosts have evolved responses to minimize the negative impact of parasite infection. Facultative parasite-induced responses are favoured when the risk of infection is unpredictable and host responses are costly. In vertebrates, induced responses are generally viewed as being adaptive, although evidence for fitness benefits arising from these responses in natural host populations is lacking. Here we provide experimental evidence for direct reproductive benefits in flea-infested great tit nests arising from exposure during egg production to fleas. In the experiment we exposed a group of birds to fleas during egg laying (the exposed group), thereby allowing for induced responses, and kept another group free of parasites (the unexposed group) over the same time period. At the start of incubation, we killed the parasites in both groups and all nests were reinfested with fleas. If induced responses occur and are adaptive, we expect that birds of the exposed group mount earlier responses and achieve higher current reproductive success than birds in the unexposed group. In agreement with this prediction, our results show that birds with nests infested during egg-laying have (i) fewer breeding failures and raise a higher proportion of hatchlings to hedging age; () offspring that reach greater body mass, grow longer feathers, and hedge earlier, and (iii) a higher number of recruits and first-year grandchildren than unexposed birds. Flea reproduction and survival did not differ significantly between the two treatments. These results provide the first evidence for the occurrence and the adaptiveness of induced responses against a common ectoparasite in a wild population of vertebrates. [References: 50]
机译：由于寄生虫对寄主适应性的有害影响，寄主已做出反应以使寄生虫感染的负面影响最小化。当感染的风险不可预测且寄主反应代价高昂时，兼性寄生虫诱导的反应更受欢迎。在脊椎动物中，虽然缺乏在自然宿主种群中因这些反应而产生的健身益处的证据，但通常认为诱导反应是适应性的。在这里，我们提供了由跳蚤产卵过程中暴露于跳蚤的大山雀巢直接繁殖效益的实验证据。在实验中，我们在产卵过程中将一组鸟类暴露于跳蚤（暴露组），从而引起诱导的反应，并在同一时间段内使另一组没有寄生虫（未暴露的组）。孵化开始时，我们杀死了两组中的寄生虫，所有的巢都被跳蚤感染。如果诱导反应发生并且是适应性的，我们期望暴露组的鸟比未暴露组的鸟更早地做出反应，并获得更高的当前繁殖成功率。与该预测相符，我们的结果表明，在产卵期间受巢侵扰的鸟类具有以下优势：（i）繁殖失败较少，并且在成年年龄中孵化率更高; （）体重更大的后代，羽毛更长，并且可以更早地进行树篱;以及（iii）新手和一年级孙子的数量比未暴露的鸟类要多。两种疗法之间的跳蚤繁殖和存活率没有显着差异。这些结果为在野生脊椎动物群体中针对常见的体外寄生虫的诱导反应的发生和适应性提供了第一个证据。 [参考：50]

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