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首页> 外文期刊>The Veterinary Journal >FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OBSERVATIONS OF THE PHARYNGEAL ORIFICE OF THE EQUINE GUTTURAL POUCH (AUDITORY TUBE DIVERTICULUM)
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FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OBSERVATIONS OF THE PHARYNGEAL ORIFICE OF THE EQUINE GUTTURAL POUCH (AUDITORY TUBE DIVERTICULUM)

机译：马蹄形咽喉咽部功能性解剖学观察（听觉管分流）

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摘要

The pharyngeal orifice of the equine auditory tube has not been adequately described. Its larger size and position, further rostral within the nasopharynx compared with other species, cannot be easily explained, but could be important for the proposed brain-cooling function of the guttural pouches: however, unlike other species, it may not be the sole regulator of auditory tube aeration. A 'second orifice' (representing the final entrance to the auditory tube diverticulum) deserves recognition in performing a role in air exchange between the auditory tube, diverticulum and middle ear. The results of this investigation suggest that regular guttural pouch ventilation during resting respiration does not occur. Previous reports may reflect, at least in part, a misinterpretation of air pressure measurements within the guttural pouches and nasopharynx. Small decreases in simulated inspiratory pressure consistently caused the passive opening of both the pharyngeal orifice and pouch ostium in horse cadavers suggesting that an active counter process may exist in the live horse to maintain closure of the guttural pouch openings during rest and light exercise. Intrinsic tone of the stylopharyngeus and pterygopharyngeus muscles may be part of this active process. The investigation offers theoretical evidence that opening of the equine auditory tubes to ventilate the guttural pouch occurs in two different ways, active and passive. The active process has two stages: (1) opening of the pharyngeal orifices by simultaneous contractions of the levator and tensor veli palatini, and pterygopharyngeus muscles; then (2) opening of the pouch ostia by contractions of dorsal portions of the palatopharyngeus muscles. The alternative passive route involves reduction in tone of the stylopharyngeus and pterygopharyngeus muscles accompanied by increased inspiratory pressure.
机译：尚未充分描述马听觉管的咽孔。与其他物种相比，其较大的大小和位置以及在鼻咽内的进一步延展性，不易解释，但对于建议的咽袋脑冷却功能可能很重要：但是，与其他物种不同，它可能不是唯一的调节剂听管通气。 “第二孔”（代表听觉管憩室的最终入口）在听觉管，憩室和中耳之间的空气交换中起着重要作用。这项研究的结果表明，在休息呼吸过程中不会出现常规的咽袋通气。先前的报道可能至少部分反映了对喉囊和鼻咽内气压测量值的误解。模拟吸气压力的小幅下降始终导致马尸体中咽孔和袋口口的被动打开，这表明活马中可能存在主动的反作用过程，以在休息和轻度运动期间维持咽袋口的闭合。鼻咽和翼咽肌的内在张力可能是这一活跃过程的一部分。该研究提供了理论证据，证明马的听觉管打开以使喉囊通气有两种不同的方式：主动方式和被动方式。活跃的过程有两个阶段：（1）通过同时提拉上睑肌和张张腓肠肌和翼状oph肌使咽口张开;然后（2）通过the咽肌肉的背部收缩来打开袋口。替代性的被动途径包括降低咽部和咽咽肌的张力，并伴有吸气压力的增加。

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