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The influence of sex-linked genetic mechanisms on attention and impulsivity

机译：性相关遗传机制对注意力和冲动性的影响

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摘要

It is now generally agreed that there are inherent sex differences in healthy individuals across a number of neurobiological domains (including brain structure, neurochemistry, and cognition). Moreover, there is a burgeoning body of evidence highlighting sex differences within neuropsychiatric populations (in terms of the rates of incidence, clinical features/progression, neurobiology and pathology). Here, we consider the extent to which attention and impulsivity are sexually dimorphic in healthy populations and the extent to which sex might modulate the expression of disorders characterised by abnormalities in attention and/or impulsivity such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and addiction. We then discuss general genetic mechanisms that might underlie sex differences in attention and impulsivity before focussing on specific positional and functional candidate sex-linked genes that are likely to influence these cognitive processes. Identifying novel sex-modulated molecular targets should ultimately enable us to develop more effective therapies in disorders associated with attentional/impulsive dysfunction.
机译：现在，人们普遍认为，健康个体在许多神经生物学领域（包括大脑结构，神经化学和认知）都存在固有的性别差异。此外，有大量的新兴证据强调神经精神病学人群中的性别差异（就发病率，临床特征/进展，神经生物学和病理学而言）。在这里，我们考虑健康人群中注意力和冲动性呈两性性的程度，以及性别可能调节以注意力和/或冲动性异常为特征的疾病（例如注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），自闭症和瘾。然后，我们将在关注可能影响这些认知过程的特定位置和功能候选性连锁基因之前，讨论可能是注意力和冲动性别差异的一般遗传机制。鉴定新的性别调控分子靶标最终应使我们能够开发出与注意力/冲动功能障碍相关的疾病的更有效疗法。

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