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首页> 外文期刊>The Review of Economic Studies >Differential Fertility, Human Capital, and Development
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Differential Fertility, Human Capital, and Development

机译：差异生育力，人力资本与发展

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摘要

Using micro-data from 48 developing countries, this article studies changes in cross-sectional patterns of fertility and child investment over the demographic transition. Before 1960, children from larger families obtained more education, in large part because they had richer and more educated parents. By century's end, these patterns had reversed. Consequently, fertility differentials by income and education historically raised the average education of the next generation, but they now reduce it. Relative to the level of average education, the positive effect of differential fertility in the past exceeded its negative effect in the present. While the reversal of differential fertility is unrelated to changes in GDP per capita, women's work, sectoral composition, or health, roughly half is attributable to rising aggregate education in the parents' generation. The data are consistent with a model in which fertility has a hump-shaped relationship with parental skill, due to a corner solution in which low-skill parents forgo investment in their children. As the returns to child investment rise, the peak of the relationship shifts to the left, reversing the associations under study.
机译：本文使用来自48个发展中国家的微观数据，研究了人口转变过程中生育率和儿童投资的横断面模式的变化。 1960年以前，大家庭的孩子接受了更多的教育，这在很大程度上是因为他们有更富裕，受过更多教育的父母。到本世纪末，这些模式已经扭转。因此，按收入和教育水平划分的生育率差异历来提高了下一代的平均教育水平，但现在却降低了这一水平。相对于平均教育水平，过去不同生育水平的积极影响超过了目前的负面影响。尽管生育率差异的逆转与人均国内生产总值，妇女的工作，部门组成或健康状况的变化无关，但大约一半的原因是父母这一代人受教育程度的提高。数据与生育率与父母技能呈驼峰状关系的模型一致，这归因于低技能父母放弃对子女的投资的极端解决方案。随着儿童投资收益的增加，这种关系的高峰向左移动，从而扭转了正在研究的关联。

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