Magnetic resonance imaging of musculature and tendons in small animal practice. Imaging technique and appearance of different diseases and traumatic injuries.

Bruhschwein A.; Flatz K.; Zollner M.; Kostlin R.; Matis U.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of musculature and tendons in small animal practice. Imaging technique and appearance of different diseases and traumatic injuries.

机译：小动物的肌肉和肌腱磁共振成像。成像技术以及不同疾病和外伤的外观。

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A retrospective study was performed in the Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction of the Ludwig Maximilian University Munich. MR-examinations and MR-reports of dogs and cats were reviewed for findings in muscles and tendons that were confirmed by surgery, cytology or histopathology. Imaging techniques and MR-appearances of normal and diseased muscles and tendons were assessed. Fluid sensitive sequences combined with fat suppression techniques and T1-weighted fat suppressed images after application of contrast medium were most valuable for the detection and interpretation of lesions in muscles and tendons. In addition to severe muscle and tendon trauma, which was associated with morphologic architectural changes, there were three general types of magnetic resonance signal changes in the musculature. Oedematous changes were observed as a diffuse increase in signal intensity in fluid-sensitive sequences without signal changes in T1-weighted images and could be found as a result of minor trauma, myositis or myopathy. Severe muscle atrophy with concurrent diffuse fatty infiltration showed a characteristic generalized signal increase of the musculature in T1- and T2-weighted sequences. This needs to be distinguished from masses such as intramuscular haematomas, abscesses or neoplasia that change normal muscle architecture and can have varying signal characteristics. Due to overlapping of appearance of many diseases in MRI, it is often not possible to make a specific diagnosis by signal changes in the musculature. However, a tentative diagnosis can be made when using history and physical examination. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging enables clear localization and visualization of the size and severity of the changes. This facilitates for a targeted biopsy and histopathological diagnosis.

机译：在慕尼黑路德维希马克西米利安大学小动物外科和生殖诊所进行了一项回顾性研究。对狗和猫的MR检查和MR报告进行了审查，以查找通过手术，细胞学或组织病理学证实的肌肉和腱的发现。评估了正常和患病的肌肉和肌腱的成像技术和MR外观。在应用造影剂后，结合脂肪抑制技术和T1加权脂肪抑制图像的流体敏感序列对于检测和解释肌肉和肌腱病变最有价值。除了与形态结构变化相关的严重的肌肉和腱损伤外，肌肉组织中还存在三种常规的磁共振信号变化类型。观察到的水肿变化是流体敏感序列中信号强度的弥漫性增加，而在T1加权图像中却没有信号变化，并且可能是轻度创伤，肌炎或肌病的结果。严重的肌肉萎缩并发弥漫性脂肪浸润显示，在T1和T2加权序列中，肌肉组织的特征性普遍信号增加。这需要与诸如肌肉内血肿，脓肿或瘤形成的肿块区分开，这些肿块会改变正常的肌肉结构并可能具有变化的信号特征。由于MRI中许多疾病的出现重叠，通常无法通过肌肉组织的信号变化做出具体的诊断。但是，使用病史和体格检查可以进行初步诊断。此外，磁共振成像可以清晰地定位和显示变化的大小和严重性。这有助于进行有针对性的活检和组织病理学诊断。

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《Tierarztliche Praxis, Ausgabe K. Kleintiere》 |2008年第4期|共14页
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Bruhschwein A.; Flatz K.; Zollner M.; Kostlin R.; Matis U.;
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中图分类动物医学（兽医学）;
关键词
diagnosis; image analysis; imagery; lesions; magnetic resonance imaging; muscular diseases; skeletal muscle; small animal practice; tendons; trauma; cats; dogs; Germany;

机译：诊断;图像分析;图像;病变;磁共振成像;肌肉疾病;骨骼肌;小型动物习作;肌腱;创伤;猫;狗;德国;

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1. Magnetic resonance imaging of musculature and tendons in small animal practice. Imaging technique and appearance of different diseases and traumatic injuries. [J] . Bruhschwein A., Flatz K., Zollner M., Tierarztliche Praxis, Ausgabe K. Kleintiere . 2008,第4期

机译：小动物的肌肉和肌腱磁共振成像。成像技术以及不同疾病和外伤的外观。
2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of the Hip Musculature After Arthroscopic Labral-Level Iliopsoas Tenotomies [J] . Brian E. Walczak, Donna G. Blankenbaker, Michael R. Tuite, Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine . 2017,第5期

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3. The magnetic resonance imaging appearance of individual structures of the posterolateral knee. A prospective study of normal knees and knees with surgically verified grade III injuries. [J] . LaPrade RF, Gilbert TJ, Bollom TS, American Journal of Sports Medicine . 2000,第2期

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4. QUANTIFICATION OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM DISEASE PROGRESSION USING SMALL ANIMAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING [C] . Kyla N. Barr, Craig J. Goergen, Maj Hedehus, ASME summer bioengineering conference;SBC2010 . 2010

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5. Novel Techniques and Applications of Diffusion-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Brain and Tendon: Exchange, Microcirculation, and Microstructure [D] . Wengler, Kenneth Thomas. 2018

机译：大脑和肌腱扩散磁共振成像的新型技术和应用：交换，微循环和微观结构
6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of the Hip Musculature After Arthroscopic Labral-Level Iliopsoas Tenotomies [O] . Brian E. Walczak, Donna G. Blankenbaker, Michael R. Tuite, -1

机译：关节镜下实验室级I足肌切开术后髋关节肌肉的磁共振成像外观
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Magnetic resonance imaging of musculature and tendons in small animal practice. Imaging technique and appearance of different diseases and traumatic injuries.

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