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首页> 外文期刊>Traffic Injury Prevention >Fifteen-Passenger Vans and Other Transportation Options: A Comparison of Driver, Vehicle, and Crash Characteristics
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Fifteen-Passenger Vans and Other Transportation Options: A Comparison of Driver, Vehicle, and Crash Characteristics

机译：十五人客货车和其他运输方式：驾驶员，车辆和碰撞特征的比较

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Objective: Fifteen-passenger vans (15-PVs) are a convenient and economical way to transport small groups of people and many educational, community, and health organizations utilize them. Given recent tragic crashes involving 15-PVs, many organizations are reconsidering their use. The goal of this study was to examine driver, vehicle, and crash characteristics of fatal 15-PV collisions over the past 2 decades in comparison to 3 other common vehicle classes. Methods: We used data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (years 1991-2008). Driver, vehicle, and crash characteristics were compared by vehicle classes (15-PV, cars, minivans, and intercity buses) using proportions along with odds ratios (using cars as the reference category) for dichotomous variables and means and mean differences for continuous variables. Logistic regression and analysis of variance were used to statistically compare odds and means, respectively. The odds and absolute risk of a first, subsequent, and either rollover by vehicle type and occupancy rate were also examined. Odds and absolute risk of a rollover event by occupancy rate were calculated. Results: Compared to car drivers, van drivers typically had a better past 3-year driving record. Van drivers performed significantly fewer actions suggesting aggressive driving (e.g., speeding).However, the proportion of van drivers who were deemed to have followed improperly or to have overcorrected was greater. A vehicle rollover was cited almost twice as frequently in van crashes compared to other passenger vehicles. Of the 4 vehicle types studied, all were more likely to rollover as their occupancy rates increased. Fully loaded 15-PVs had almost 13 times the odds of rollover compared to fully loaded cars. Minivans when full (7 occupants), often seen as the replacement for 15-PVs, were found to have over 3.5 times the odds of rollover of fully loaded cars. Conclusions: Drivers need to be aware that as occupancy rates of the vehicles they drive rise so does the risk of rollover and fatalities, especially among minivans and 15-PVs. Organizations transporting groups need to balance cost and safety management by selecting vehicle types and drivers with acute awareness of the risks involved. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.
机译：目标：15人乘货车（15-PVs）是一种方便，经济的运输小规模人群的方式，许多教育，社区和卫生组织都在使用它们。鉴于最近涉及15-PV的悲剧性事故，许多组织都在重新考虑使用它们。这项研究的目的是检查过去20年中与其他3种常见车辆类别相比，致命的15-PV碰撞的驾驶员，车辆和碰撞特征。方法：我们使用了“死亡分析报告系统”（1991-2008年）中的数据。根据车辆类别（15-PV，汽车，小型货车和城市间公交车），使用比例和比值比（使用汽车作为参考类别）对二元变量以及均值和均值差进行连续比较，比较驾驶员，车辆和碰撞特征。 Logistic回归和方差分析分别用于统计学比较赔率和均值。还检查了按车辆类型和占用率进行的第一次，随后和任一次侧翻的几率和绝对风险。计算了按占用率计算的翻滚事件的几率和绝对风险。结果：与汽车驾驶员相比，货车驾驶员过去3年的驾驶记录通常更好。厢式货车司机采取激进驾驶（例如超速驾驶）的动作明显减少，但是被认为不正确或过度矫正的厢式货车司机的比例更高。与其他乘用车相比，在货车碰撞中车辆翻车的频率几乎是其两倍。在所研究的4种车辆中，随着占用率的提高，所有车辆都更容易翻车。与满载汽车相比，满载15-PV的翻车几率几乎是其13倍。小型货车满载时（可容纳7位乘客）通常被视为15辆PV的替代者，被发现具有满载翻车可能性的3.5倍以上。结论：驾驶员需要意识到，随着他们所驾驶车辆的占用率上升，翻车和死亡的风险也随之增加，尤其是在小型货车和15-PV车辆中。运输小组的组织需要通过选择车辆类型和驾驶员并充分意识到所涉及的风险来平衡成本和安全管理。补充材料可用于本文。转到发布者的在线交通伤害预防在线版本以查看补充文件。

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