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首页> 外文期刊>Traffic Injury Prevention >The Influence of Enhanced Side Impact Protection on Kinematics and Injury Measures of Far- or Center-Seated Children in Forward-Facing Child Restraints
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The Influence of Enhanced Side Impact Protection on Kinematics and Injury Measures of Far- or Center-Seated Children in Forward-Facing Child Restraints

机译：增强的侧面碰撞保护对前向约束儿童中远方或中立儿童的运动学和伤害措施的影响

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Objective: To evaluate the influence of forward-facing child restraint systems' (FFCRSs) side impact structure, such as side wings, on the head kinematics and response of a restrained, far- or center-seated 3-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) in oblique sled tests.Methods: Sled tests were conducted utilizing an FFCRS with large side wings and with the side wings removed. The CRS were attached via LATCH on 2 different vehicle seat fixturesa small SUV rear bench seat and minivan rear bucket seatsecured to the sled carriage at 20 degrees from lateral. Four tests were conducted on each vehicle seat fixture, 2 for each FFCRS configuration. A Q3s dummy was positioned in FFCRS according to the CRS owner's manual and FMVSS 213 procedures. The tests were conducted using the proposed FMVSS 213 side impact pulse. Three-dimensional motion cameras collected head excursion data. Relevant data collected during testing included the ATD head excursions, head accelerations, LATCH belt loads, and neck loads.Results: Results indicate that side wings have little influence on head excursions and ATD response. The median lateral head excursion was 435mm with side wings and 443mm without side wings. The primary differences in head response were observed between the 2 vehicle seat fixtures due to the vehicle seat head restraint design. The bench seat integrated head restraint forced a tether routing path over the head restraint. Due to the lateral crash forces, the tether moved laterally off the head restraint reducing tension and increasing head excursion (477mm median). In contrast, when the tether was routed through the bucket seat's adjustable head restraint, it maintained a tight attachment and helped control head excursion (393mm median).Conclusion: This testing illustrated relevant side impact crash circumstances where side wings do not provide the desired head containment for a 3-year-old ATD seated far-side or center in FFCRS. The head appears to roll out of the FFCRS even in the presence of side wings, which may expose the occupant to potential head impact injuries. We postulate that in a center or far-side seating configuration, the absence of door structure immediately adjacent to the CRS facilitates the rotation and tipping of the FFCRS toward the impact side and the roll-out of the head around the side wing structure. Results suggest that other prevention measures, in the form of alternative side impact structure design, FFCRS vehicle attachment, or shared protection between the FFCRS and the vehicle, may be necessary to protect children in oblique side impact crashes.
机译：目的：评估前向儿童约束系统（FFCRS）侧面碰撞结构（如侧翼）对头部运动学和约束的，远距离或中座的3岁拟人化测试设备的影响方法：使用FFCRS进行雪橇测试，该FFCRS带有较大的侧翼，并且侧翼已拆除。通过闩锁将CRS固定在2个不同的汽车座椅固定装置上，其中一个是小型SUV后排座椅，另一个是将小型厢式后排座椅固定在与侧面成20度的雪橇车厢上。在每个汽车座椅固定装置上进行了四项测试，对于每种FFCRS配置，进行了两项测试。根据CRS用户手册和FMVSS 213程序，将Q3s虚拟对象放置在FFCRS中。使用建议的FMVSS 213侧面冲击脉冲进行了测试。三维运动摄像机收集头部偏移数据。测试期间收集的相关数据包括ATD头部偏移，头部加速度，LATCH皮带负荷和颈部负荷。结果：结果表明，侧翼对头部偏移和ATD响应影响很小。带侧翼的中位外侧头部偏移为435mm，不带侧翼的中位头部偏移为443mm。由于汽车座椅头枕的设计，在两个汽车座椅固定装置之间观察到头部反应的主要差异。长凳座椅一体式头枕在头枕上施加了一条系绳路径。由于侧向碰撞力，系绳从头枕侧向移动，从而减少了拉力并增加了头部偏移（中值477mm）。相比之下，当系绳穿过水桶座椅的可调式头枕时，它保持了牢固的连接并有助于控制头部偏移（中值393mm）。位于FFCRS远端或中心的3岁ATD的密闭装置。即使有侧翼，头部似乎也会从FFCRS上滑落，这可能会使乘员遭受潜在的头部撞击伤害。我们假设在中央或远侧座位配置中，没有紧靠CRS的门结构会促进FFCRS朝着冲击侧的旋转和倾斜，以及头部围绕侧翼结构的展开。结果表明，可能需要采取其他预防措施，例如替代性的侧面碰撞结构设计，FFCRS车辆附件或FFCRS与车辆之间的共享保护措施，以保护儿童在倾斜的侧面碰撞事故中得到保护。

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