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首页> 外文期刊>Traffic Injury Prevention >Effects of Dram Shop, Responsible Beverage Service Training, and State Alcohol Control Laws on Underage Drinking Driver Fatal Crash Ratios
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Effects of Dram Shop, Responsible Beverage Service Training, and State Alcohol Control Laws on Underage Drinking Driver Fatal Crash Ratios

机译：Dram Shop，负责任的饮料服务培训和州酒精控制法对未成年人饮酒驾驶员致命撞车率的影响

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Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine whether three minimum legal drinking age 21 (MLDA-21) lawsdram shop liability, responsible beverage service (RBS) training, and state control of alcohol saleshave had an impact on underage drinking and driving fatal crashes using annual state-level data, and compared states with strong laws to those with weak laws to examine their effect on beer consumption and fatal crash ratios.Methods: Using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we calculated the ratio of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 involved in fatal crashes as our key outcome measure. We used structural equation modeling to evaluate the three MLDA-21 laws. We controlled for covariates known to impact fatal crashes including: 17 additional MLDA-21 laws; administrative license revocation; blood alcohol concentration limits of.08 and.10 for driving; seat belt laws; sobriety checkpoint frequency; unemployment rates; and vehicle miles traveled. Outcome variables, in addition to the fatal crash ratios of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 included state per capita beer consumption.Results: Dram shop liability laws were associated with a 2.4% total effect decrease (direct effects: =.019, p =.018). Similarly, RBS training laws were associated with a 3.6% total effect decrease (direct effect: =.048, p =.001) in the ratio of drinking to nondrinking drivers under age 21 involved in fatal crashes. There was a significant relationship between dram shop liability law strength and per capita beer consumption, F (4, 1528) = 24.32, p <.001, partial (2) =.016, showing states with strong dram shop liability laws (Mean (M) = 1.276) averaging significantly lower per capita beer consumption than states with weak laws (M = 1.340).Conclusions: Dram shop liability laws and RBS laws were both associated with significantly reduced per capita beer consumption and fatal crash ratios. In practical terms, this means that dram shop liability laws are currently associated with saving an estimated 64 lives in the 45 jurisdictions that currently have the law. If the remaining 6 states adopted the dram shop law, an additional 9 lives could potentially be saved annually. Similarly, RBS training laws are associated with saving an estimated 83 lives in the 37 jurisdictions that currently have the laws. If the remaining 14 states adopted these RBS training laws, we estimate that an additional 28 lives could potentially be saved.
机译：目标：在这项研究中，我们旨在确定三个最低法定饮酒年龄21（MLDA-21）法律，商店责任，负责任的饮料服务（RBS）培训以及酒类销售的国家控制是否对未成年人饮酒和致命死亡事故有影响使用年度州级数据，比较法律法规强的州与法律法规弱的州，以检查其对啤酒消费和致命事故发生率的影响。方法：使用“死亡率分析报告系统”，我们计算了未成年人饮酒与非饮酒驾驶员的比例涉及致命撞车事故的21个事故是我们的主要结果指标。我们使用结构方程模型来评估这三个MLDA-21定律。我们控制了会影响致命事故的协变量，其中包括：17个其他MLDA-21法律;行政许可吊销;驾驶的血液酒精浓度极限为.08和.10;安全带法律;清醒检查站频率;失业率;和车辆行驶里程。结果变量，除了21岁以下不喝酒的驾驶员与致命饮酒的致命事故比率外，还包括州人均啤酒消费量。结果：Dram Shop责任法与总影响减少2.4％相关（直接影响：=。019，p = .018）。同样，RBS培训法与21岁以下的致命交通事故中，饮酒与不饮酒的驾驶员的总影响降低了3.6％（直接影响：=。048，p = .001）。德拉姆商店责任法律强度与人均啤酒消费量之间存在显着关系，F（4，1528）= 24.32，p <.001，部分（2）= .016，显示出具有强大的德拉姆商店责任法律的州（均值（ M）= 1.276）人均啤酒消费量比法律较弱的州平均低得多（M = 1.340）。结论：Dram Shop责任法和RBS法均与人均啤酒消费量和致命事故率显着降低有关。实际上，这意味着dram shop责任法目前与挽救目前拥有该法的45个司法管辖区中的64条生命有关。如果其余6个州通过了dram shop法，则每年可能会挽救另外9条生命。同样，苏格兰皇家银行的培训法与在目前拥有法律的37个辖区中挽救了约83条生命有关。如果其余14个州采用了这些RBS培训法，我们估计可能会挽救另外28条生命。

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