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Equity Effects of Road Pricing: A Review

机译：道路定价的公平效应：回顾

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Are road pricing strategies regressive or progressive? This is a question that has been confronting researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers who seek to implement new mechanisms to raise funds for transportation while simultaneously managing demand. The theoretical literature is mixed, as is the empirical literature. In part, this has to do with the various types of road pricing strategies that are being debated, different definitions of equity, and alternative assumptions about revenue recycling. Despite this seeming complexity, the literature is clear that equity issues are addressable. This paper provides a synthesis of the literature to date on both the theory of equity, as applied to road pricing, and the findings of empirical and simulation studies of the effects of particular implementations of road pricing, and suggested remedies for real or perceived inequities. To summarize, while there are certainly potential issues with equity associated with road pricing, those issues can be addressed with intelligent mechanism design that provides the right incentives to travellers and uses the raised revenues in a way to achieve desired equitable ends. These include cutting other taxes and investing in infrastructure and services.
机译：道路定价策略是渐进式还是渐进式？这些问题一直困扰着寻求实施新机制来筹集运输资金同时管理需求的研究人员，从业人员和决策者。理论文献和经验文献是混杂的。在某种程度上，这与正在辩论的各种道路定价策略，股权的不同定义以及有关收入回收的替代假设有关。尽管看似复杂，但文献清楚地表明，股权问题是可以解决的。本文提供了迄今为止有关道路定价的公平理论的文献综述，以及对道路定价特殊实施效果的实证和模拟研究的结果，并提出了针对实际或感知不平等的建议补救措施。总而言之，尽管与道路定价相关的股权肯定存在潜在的问题，但是可以通过智能机制设计解决这些问题，该机制可以为旅行者提供正确的激励措施，并利用筹集的收入以达到预期的公平目的。其中包括削减其他税收，以及对基础设施和服务进行投资。

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