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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: understanding virulence and commensal behavior

机译:不可分型的流感嗜血杆菌:了解毒力和行为

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Haemophilus influenzae is genetically diverse and exists as a near-ubiquitous human commensal or as a pathogen. Invasive type b disease has been almost eliminated in developed countries; however, unencapsulated strains – nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) – remain important as causes of respiratory infections. Respiratory tract disease occurs when NTHi adhere to or invade respiratory epithelial cells, initiating one or more of several proinflammatory pathways. Biofilm formation explains many of the observations seen in chronic otitis media and chronic bronchitis. However, NTHi biofilms seem to lack a biofilm-specific polysaccharide in the extracellular matrix, a source of controversy regarding their relevance. Successful commensalism requires dampening of the inflammatory response and evasion of host defenses, accomplished in part through phase variation.
机译:流感嗜血杆菌具有遗传多样性,并以普遍存在的人类共病或病原体的形式存在。发达国家已几乎消除了b型侵袭性疾病;但是,未封装的菌株-不可分型的流感嗜血杆菌(NTHi)-作为呼吸道感染的原因仍然很重要。当NTHi粘附或侵入呼吸道上皮细胞时,就会发生呼吸道疾病,从而引发几种促炎途径中的一种或多种。生物膜的形成解释了在慢性中耳炎和慢性支气管炎中发现的许多观察结果。但是,NTHi生物膜似乎在细胞外基质中缺乏生物膜特异性多糖,这是有关其相关性的争议之源。成功的共鸣需要减弱炎症反应和逃避宿主防御,这部分是通过阶段变化来实现的。

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